Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following foods or beverages would offer the most nutrients per calorie?

• A. chicken
• B. wine
• C. white bread
• D. broccoli

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Broccoli is indeed the correct answer. Broccoli is considered nutrient-dense, meaning it provides a significant amount of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber while being relatively low in calories. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C are not as nutrient-dense as broccoli. Chicken can be nutritious but may vary in nutrient content depending on the cut and preparation method. Wine, although containing antioxidants like resveratrol, is not a significant source of essential nutrients. White bread is often low in nutrients and fiber compared to whole grain options, making it less nutrient-dense than broccoli.

2. The equal sharing of resources is known as _____.

• A. autonomy
• B. ethics
• C. disclosure
• D. distributive justice

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, distributive justice. Distributive justice involves the fair and equitable distribution of resources among all individuals in society. Option A, autonomy, refers to the right of individuals to make their own decisions. Option B, ethics, pertains to moral principles. Option C, disclosure, refers to the act of making information known.

3. Much of the research investigating probiotics and intestinal illness has focused on the prevention and treatment of _____.

• A. irritable bowel syndrome
• B. Crohn's disease
• C. diverticulitis
• D. infectious diarrhea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: infectious diarrhea.' Research has extensively explored the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. Probiotics can aid in restoring the balance of gut flora, thereby reducing symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while probiotics may have some benefits for these conditions, the primary focus of research in relation to probiotics and intestinal illness has been on infectious diarrhea.

4. A client with chronic pancreatitis is receiving discharge teaching from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

• A. "You should decrease your caloric intake when experiencing abdominal pain."?
• B. "You should increase your daily intake of protein."?
• C. "You should increase fat intake when experiencing loose stools."?
• D. "You should limit alcohol intake to 2-3 drinks per week."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In chronic pancreatitis, it is important to increase protein intake to support healing and prevent malnutrition. Choice A is incorrect because decreasing caloric intake during abdominal pain may lead to further nutritional deficiencies. Choice C is incorrect as increasing fat intake can exacerbate symptoms due to the impaired fat digestion in chronic pancreatitis. Choice D is incorrect as alcohol should be completely avoided in chronic pancreatitis to prevent further damage to the pancreas.

5. Is it correct that eliminating sucrose from the diet leads to a significant reduction in dental caries, and that the best advice is to consume sugar in moderation and limit the frequency of sugar exposure?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is incorrect because dental caries are not solely caused by sucrose. They are the result of a complex interaction of multiple factors, including the type of bacteria in the mouth, the host's diet, oral hygiene, and salivary flow. The second statement is correct as consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure are indeed effective strategies to prevent dental caries. Therefore, the answer is option D: The first statement is false; the second is true.

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