ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology Online Practice
1. Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct?
- A. Responsiveness - detecting and responding to changes in the environment
- B. Assimilation - incorporating absorbed substances into the body
- C. Respiration - obtaining energy from food molecules through oxygen
- D. Circulation - the movement of substances in body fluids
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Circulation - the movement of substances in body fluids. Circulation refers to the movement of substances like nutrients, gases, and wastes in body fluids to and from cells. Choice A is incorrect because responsiveness is about detecting and responding to changes in the environment, not obtaining and using oxygen. Choice B is incorrect because assimilation is the process of incorporating absorbed substances into the body, not changing them into chemically different forms. Choice C is incorrect because respiration is the process of obtaining energy from food molecules through oxygen, not the obtaining and using oxygen itself.
2. Which of the following areas is the most common site of fistulas in clients with Crohn’s disease?
- A. Anorectal
- B. Ileum
- C. Rectovaginal
- D. Transverse colon
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The anorectal area is the most common site of fistulas in clients with Crohn's disease.
3. Which nutrient deficiency produces microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia?
- A. Zinc
- B. Iron
- C. Sodium
- D. Potassium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A deficiency in iron can lead to various symptoms, such as microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia. Iron-deficiency anemia may be caused by inadequate dietary intake; accelerated demand or losses; and inadequate absorption secondary to diarrhea, decreased acid secretions, or antacid therapy. Iron deficiency is frequently the result of postnatal feeding practices and has a serious impact on growth and mental and psychomotor development in infants and children. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as zinc deficiency typically presents with symptoms like impaired wound healing, taste abnormalities, and hair loss; sodium deficiency can lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps, dizziness, and confusion; and potassium deficiency may cause muscle weakness, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms.
4. The client has orders for a nasogastric (NG) tube insertion. During the procedure, instructions that will assist in the insertion would be:
- A. Instruct the client to tilt his head back for insertion in the nostril, then flex his neck for the final insertion
- B. After insertion into the nostril, instruct the client to extend his neck
- C. Introduce the tube with the client’s head tilted back, then instruct him to keep his head upright for final insertion
- D. Instruct the client to hold his chin down, then back for insertion of the tube
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Instructing the client to tilt his head back for insertion in the nostril, then flex his neck for the final insertion helps facilitate the NG tube insertion.
5. The Hawthorne effect explains that the relationship between people and productivity is enhanced by which of the following?
- A. Special attention
- B. Organizations
- C. Creativity
- D. Groups
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Hawthorne effect is a term used to describe how people modify their behavior in response to the attention they are receiving rather than the manipulation of variables. Special attention, as mentioned in choice A, is the correct answer because when individuals feel that they are being closely monitored or that special interest is being taken in them, they tend to perform better or change their behavior. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the Hawthorne effect specifically focuses on the impact of attention and not on organizational structures, creativity, or group dynamics.
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