ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the function of the gallbladder?
- A. Filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs
- B. Make enzymes
- C. Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion
- D. Helps to further digest food
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice A is incorrect as the liver, not the gallbladder, filters blood and detoxifies harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because the production of enzymes primarily occurs in the pancreas, not the gallbladder. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder's main role is not to further digest food but to store and release bile.
2. Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from
- A. Latin and Greek.
- B. English and Italian.
- C. Pictures drawn on the cave walls of our ancestors.
- D. The language of hunter-gatherers.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Latin and Greek. Medical terminology is largely derived from Latin and Greek roots. These languages have been foundational in the development of medical terminology due to the precision and descriptive nature of their vocabulary. Choice B, English and Italian, is incorrect because while some medical terms may have originated from these languages, the majority come from Latin and Greek. Choices C and D, pictures drawn on the cave walls of our ancestors and the language of hunter-gatherers, are both incorrect as they do not align with the historical origins of medical terminology.
3. Which of the following structures, located at the end of the ear canal, vibrates when sound waves strike it?
- A. Acoustic meatus
- B. Cochlea
- C. Eustachian tube
- D. Tympanic membrane
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the Tympanic membrane. The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is located at the end of the ear canal and vibrates when sound waves strike it. This vibration is then transmitted to the ossicles in the middle ear, which amplify and transmit the sound to the inner ear. Choice A, the Acoustic meatus, is incorrect as it is the ear canal itself, not the structure that vibrates. Choice B, the Cochlea, is responsible for translating sound vibrations into electrical signals but is not located at the end of the ear canal. Choice C, the Eustachian tube, is responsible for equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere and is not involved in vibration from sound waves.
4. Which of the following statements is true concerning the female reproductive system?
- A. It produces female sex cells.
- B. It transports the female sex cells.
- C. It can support the development of an embryo.
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'All of the above.' The female reproductive system produces female sex cells (eggs), transports them through the fallopian tubes, and can support the development of an embryo through the uterus. Choice A is correct because the ovaries produce eggs, choice B is correct as the fallopian tubes transport the eggs, and choice C is correct as the uterus provides the environment for the embryo to develop. Therefore, all of these statements are true regarding the female reproductive system.
5. Which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct?
- A. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- B. Bowman's Capsule
- C. Afferent Arteriole
- D. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The DCT is the part of the nephron closest to the collecting duct, where the final adjustments to electrolyte and fluid balance are made. Bowman's Capsule is located at the beginning of the nephron, where filtration of blood occurs. The Afferent Arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus for filtration. The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is situated after the Bowman's Capsule and is not the part closest to the collecting duct.
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