Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are absorbed into the bloodstream without needing additional digestion?

• A. amino acids
• B. monosaccharides
• C. glycerol
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Amino acids, monosaccharides, and glycerol are absorbed directly into the bloodstream without requiring further digestion.

2. Which two dietary components may help decrease blood cholesterol levels?

• A. Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber
• B. Short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber
• C. Trans fatty acids and potassium
• D. Cis fatty acids and calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce triglycerides, while soluble fiber helps to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Both of these components are beneficial in managing blood cholesterol levels. Choice B, short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber, is incorrect as they do not have the same cholesterol-lowering effects as omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Choice C, trans fatty acids and potassium, is incorrect as trans fatty acids can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. Choice D, cis fatty acids and calcium, is incorrect as cis fatty acids are common in natural fats and do not specifically help in reducing blood cholesterol levels.

3. A client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN is awaiting the next container. What fluid should the nurse infuse in the interim?

• A. Dextrose 5% in water
• B. 0.9% sodium chloride
• C. Dextrose 10% in water
• D. Lactated Ringer's solution

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 0.9% sodium chloride. When a client receiving TPN is awaiting the next container, infusing 0.9% sodium chloride is the appropriate choice to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Dextrose solutions are not recommended as they do not provide sufficient nutrition. Lactated Ringer's solution contains electrolytes but lacks essential nutrients found in TPN, making it an inadequate choice during the delay in TPN delivery.

4. When should a newborn transition to whole milk according to dietary teaching for breastfeeding parents?

• A. 6 months
• B. 8 months
• C. 10 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Breast milk or formula should be the primary source of nutrition for infants up to around 1 year of age. The transition to whole cow's milk is recommended at 12 months of age, not earlier. Introducing whole milk before 12 months can lead to digestive issues and nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they suggest transitioning to whole milk before the recommended age of 12 months.

5. Which nutrient is most important for the prevention of osteoporosis?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Iron
• C. Calcium
• D. Protein

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium is the most important nutrient for bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. Calcium plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and strength. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function but is not directly related to bone health. Iron is essential for oxygen transport in the blood, while protein is important for muscle growth and repair. However, in the context of preventing osteoporosis, calcium is the key nutrient.

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