Nursing Elites

1. Clients with type 2 diabetes are most likely to achieve metabolic control if they:

• A. lose weight
• B. use self-monitoring of blood glucose
• C. eliminate all dietary sugars
• D. eat three regular meals daily

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, making it a key strategy in managing type 2 diabetes.

2. What type of drug is lamivudine, used for the management of HIV infection?

• A. CCR5 antagonist
• B. fusion inhibitor
• C. nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
• D. protease inhibitor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lamivudine belongs to the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), making choice C the correct answer. NRTIs like lamivudine work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, an essential component for the HIV virus to replicate. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because lamivudine does not function as a CCR5 antagonist, fusion inhibitor, or protease inhibitor in the management of HIV infection.

3. In PEM, which condition is characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness, hanging skin, delayed tooth eruption, and changes in saliva?

• A. Marasmus
• B. Kwashiorkor
• C. Anemia
• D. Noma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Marasmus. Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that leads to muscle wasting, hanging skin, delayed growth, and changes in saliva. These symptoms are commonly seen in vulnerable populations such as children, homeless individuals, older adults, and substance abusers. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is characterized by edema, a distended belly, and skin lesions. Anemia is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, leading to fatigue and weakness. Noma is a severe infection affecting the face, particularly the mouth and jaw area.

4. What is the function of the gallbladder?

• A. to store bile
• B. to produce bile
• C. to digest bile
• D. to modify bile to a liquid form

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "to store bile." The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile produced by the liver. It releases bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice B is incorrect because the liver produces bile, not the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the gallbladder does not digest bile but stores and releases it for digestion. Choice D is incorrect because bile is already in liquid form; the gallbladder does not modify it to a liquid state.

5. A healthcare professional has just inserted an NG tube for a client who is to start enteral tube feedings. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take to verify tube placement?

• A. Measure the tube length.
• B. Obtain an abdominal x-ray.
• C. Flush the tube with 20 mL of water.
• D. Auscultate the client’s lungs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Obtaining an abdominal x-ray is the most accurate method to verify the correct placement of an NG tube. Measuring the tube length is not a reliable method to confirm placement as it may vary among individuals. Flushing the tube with water and auscultating the client's lungs are not definitive methods to ensure proper NG tube placement.

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