ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam 2019
1. Which statement about essential nutrients should the nurse include?
- A. Fat-containing foods can help to decrease triglyceride levels.
- B. Animal sources of protein contain 20 essential amino acids.
- C. Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain.
- D. High-fiber foods are a good source of energy.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because carbohydrates are indeed the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain. Choice A is incorrect because while certain fats are essential, they do not help decrease triglyceride levels. Choice B is incorrect because animal sources of protein do not contain all 20 essential amino acids. Choice D is incorrect because although high-fiber foods are important for digestion and overall health, they are not a direct source of energy.
2. Three major causes of atherosclerosis are:
- A. Hyperthyroidism, underweight, and poor appetite
- B. High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking
- C. Constipation, peptic ulcer disease, and pancreatitis
- D. Kidney failure, edema, and sodium retention
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is primarily caused by high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking. These factors contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Hyperthyroidism, underweight, and poor appetite do not directly cause atherosclerosis. Similarly, constipation, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis, kidney failure, edema, and sodium retention are not among the primary causes of atherosclerosis.
3. When preparing the client with hepatitis A for extended convalescence, the nurse teaches the client about problems that may occur. The nurse knows that the client has understood the teaching when he says that he is most likely to have difficulty:
- A. Controlling abdominal pain.
- B. Maintaining a regular bowel elimination pattern.
- C. Preventing respiratory complications.
- D. Maintaining a positive, optimistic outlook.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Convalescence after hepatitis A may take weeks or even months. Boredom and depression are common problems that the client should anticipate. Abdominal pain is not usually a symptom of hepatitis A. Maintaining a regular bowel elimination pattern is not usually a problem with hepatitis. Problems preventing respiratory complications are unlikely. To support healing, activity is strictly limited but bed rest is not prescribed.
4. What disease should be suspected in a 3-day-old infant presenting with abdominal distention, vomiting, and failure to pass meconium?
- A. Pyloric stenosis
- B. Intussusception
- C. Hirschsprung disease
- D. Celiac disease
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Hirschsprung disease should be suspected in a newborn with abdominal distention, vomiting, and failure to pass meconium. This condition arises from a congenital absence of nerve cells in a portion of the colon, leading to severe constipation and intestinal obstruction. Pyloric stenosis typically presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting in the first few weeks of life. Intussusception classically manifests with sudden onset of colicky abdominal pain and currant jelly stools. Celiac disease may present with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, and abdominal distention but is less likely in this scenario.
5. What is the term for inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often leading to a persistent cough and mucus production?
- A. Bronchitis
- B. Asthma
- C. Pneumonia
- D. Cystic fibrosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Bronchitis.' Bronchitis refers to the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which can be acute or chronic, leading to symptoms like coughing and increased mucus production. Choice B, 'Asthma,' is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, often causing wheezing and shortness of breath. Choice C, 'Pneumonia,' is an infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Choice D, 'Cystic fibrosis,' is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, causing mucus buildup and respiratory issues.