Nursing Elites

1. Which foods should be avoided on a low-potassium diet? (SATA)

• A. Bananas
• B. A, C
• C. Sweet potatoes
• D. Frozen corn

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bananas, sweet potatoes, and orange juice are high in potassium.

2. Clients may benefit from slightly higher fat intakes than are normally recommended if they have:

• A. congestive heart failure
• B. cerebrovascular accident
• C. peripheral vascular disease
• D. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), higher fat intake can be beneficial because it provides more calories with less respiratory burden compared to carbohydrates. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease do not specifically benefit from higher fat intakes as in COPD.

3. Because of increasing cases of fluorosis, low levels of fluoride are added to commercial infant formula. Breast milk provides low levels of fluoride.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is false; fluoride is not added to infant formulas due to the risk of fluorosis. The second statement is true; breast milk contains low levels of fluoride.

4. Which neuromuscular disease is characterized by abnormal chewing and swallowing patterns, tremors of the mandible, lip, and tongue, frequent drooling, and holding food in the mouth for extended periods?

• A. Developmental disabilities
• B. Parkinson's disease
• C. Epilepsy
• D. Diabetes mellitus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by abnormal chewing and swallowing patterns, tremors of the mandible, lip, and tongue, frequent drooling, and difficulties in oral functions like holding food in the mouth. Developmental disabilities (Choice A) do not specifically cause these symptoms related to neuromuscular function. Epilepsy (Choice C) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and does not typically present with the described symptoms. Diabetes mellitus (Choice D) is a metabolic disorder that affects blood sugar regulation and does not directly cause the neuromuscular symptoms mentioned in the question.

5. Nancy blames God for her situation. She is easily provoked to tears and wants to be left alone, refusing to eat or talk to her family. A religious person before, she now refuses to pray or go to church stating that God has abandoned her. The nurse understands that Nancy is grieving for her self and is in the stage of:

• A. bargaining
• B. denial
• C. anger
• D. acceptance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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