Nursing Elites

1. Which mother is most likely to have had inadequate prenatal care?

• A. Lupe, age 25
• B. Marissa, age 32
• C. Rotunda, age 16
• D. Janette, age 40

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rotunda, age 16, is the most likely to have had inadequate prenatal care due to her young age and possibly limited access to healthcare resources and support. Adolescents are at higher risk for inadequate prenatal care compared to older mothers due to various factors such as lack of awareness, financial constraints, and inconsistent health behaviors. Young mothers may face challenges in seeking proper prenatal care due to reasons like lack of knowledge, fear of judgment, or limited financial means. Older mothers like Lupe, Marissa, and Janette are less likely to have inadequate prenatal care compared to a younger mother like Rotunda, as they may have more access to resources, experience, and support systems.

2. During which period does the germinal period occur?

• A. Occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy
• B. Lasts about six weeks
• C. Lasts about two weeks
• D. Is the final period of a 38-week pregnancy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The germinal period lasts about two weeks and occurs during the first two weeks of pregnancy. This is the time when the fertilized egg implants into the uterus and begins to divide rapidly. It is followed by the embryonic period, which lasts from about week 3 to week 8 of pregnancy. Choice A is incorrect because the germinal period happens in the early stages of pregnancy, not the second trimester. Choice B is incorrect because the germinal period typically lasts about two weeks, not six. Choice D is incorrect because the germinal period is an early stage of pregnancy and not the final period of a 38-week pregnancy.

3. The information-processing approach views the human mind as a __________.

• A. socially mediated process
• B. collection of stimuli and responses
• C. system of genetically programmed behaviors
• D. symbol-manipulating system through which information flows

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The information-processing approach views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows. This perspective emphasizes how information is received, processed, stored, and retrieved in the mind, similar to how a computer processes data through symbols and operations. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the fundamental principles of the information-processing approach, which focuses on the mind's symbolic manipulation of information rather than being a socially mediated process, a collection of stimuli and responses, or a system of genetically programmed behaviors.

4. Ecological systems theory views the person as __________.

• A. a blossoming flower whose development is a genetically determined series of events that unfold automatically
• B. developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
• C. a social being influenced primarily by observational learning or adult modeling
• D. a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes information

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ecological systems theory views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals with their social and physical environment, recognizing that development is influenced by various factors interacting at different levels of the ecological system. Choice A is incorrect because it describes a genetically determined development process, which is not the focus of ecological systems theory. Choice C is incorrect because it highlights observational learning as the primary influence on development, neglecting the broader environmental factors. Choice D is incorrect as it compares the person to a computer system, which does not align with the principles of ecological systems theory.

5. In all societies studied, the most common attachment quality is the __________ pattern.

• A. insecure-avoidant
• B. insecure-resistant
• C. disorganized/disoriented
• D. secure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'secure.' Research shows that the secure attachment pattern is the most common across various societies. In this pattern, children feel safe, secure, and loved, allowing them to explore the world and seek comfort from their caregivers when needed. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while these attachment patterns exist, they are not as prevalent or universal as the secure attachment pattern. Insecure-avoidant attachment involves children avoiding or ignoring their caregiver, insecure-resistant attachment consists of ambivalence and mixed emotions towards the caregiver, and disorganized/disoriented attachment is characterized by inconsistent and often chaotic behaviors towards the caregiver.

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