Nursing Elites

1. In the information-processing system, where does information first enter?

• A. central executive
• B. short-term memory store
• C. sensory register
• D. long-term memory store

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the information-processing system, information first enters the sensory register. This is where sensory information from the environment is briefly stored before being processed further. The central executive is responsible for coordinating cognitive processes, the short-term memory store holds information temporarily for immediate tasks, and the long-term memory store stores information for long periods, but the sensory register is the initial entry point for incoming information.

2. __________ doubles the risk of SIDS.

• A. Failure to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep
• B. Use of a pacifier or a security blanket
• C. Placing an infant to sleep on his back
• D. Cigarette smoking by a caregiver Answer: D Page Ref: 106 Box: BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT: The Mysterious Tragedy of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cigarette smoking by a caregiver doubles the risk of SIDS. Secondhand smoke exposure can increase the likelihood of SIDS due to the toxins and chemicals present in cigarette smoke. It is important to have a smoke-free environment for infants to reduce the risk of SIDS.

3. Dr. O'Connor wants 90-year-old Mr. Takashi to participate in a research study that involves moderate risks. Mr. Takashi is incapable of consenting. Which statement best expresses your advice regarding Mr. Takashi's participation in the study?

• A. He should not be allowed to participate in the study under any circumstances.
• B. He should be allowed to participate in the study regardless of the benefit.
• C. He should be allowed to participate in the study only if his participation will benefit others.
• D. He should be allowed to participate in the study only if it is likely to benefit him directly.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Mr. Takashi should be allowed to participate in the study only if it is likely to benefit him directly. This decision aligns with the principle of beneficence in research ethics, which emphasizes maximizing benefits and minimizing risks for research participants. Since Mr. Takashi is incapable of giving consent, his participation should be based on the likelihood of direct benefits to him rather than solely for the benefit of others or solely for research purposes. Option A is too restrictive and does not consider potential benefits to Mr. Takashi. Option B is flawed as it disregards the need for the study to benefit Mr. Takashi. Option C focuses on benefiting others, which is not the primary consideration when the participant cannot give consent.

4. When Mateo was born prematurely to Yvonne, a cocaine addict, what can his caregivers expect?

• A. He will be very attentive to the environment
• B. His cries will be abnormally shrill and piercing
• C. He will overcome the harmful effects of drug exposure by age 3
• D. His motor development will be especially rapid during the first year

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mateo, being born prematurely to a cocaine-addicted mother, is at risk for several health issues. One common effect of prenatal drug exposure is a higher likelihood of sensory and regulatory problems, such as having abnormally shrill and piercing cries. This is a potential outcome that Mateo's caregivers can expect due to his circumstances. Choice A is incorrect as there is no direct correlation between being born prematurely to a cocaine-addicted mother and being very attentive to the environment. Choice C is incorrect as overcoming harmful effects of drug exposure by age 3 is overly optimistic and may not be the case for all children exposed to drugs prenatally. Choice D is incorrect as rapid motor development is not typically associated with prenatal drug exposure.

5. Swaddling newborns __________.

• A. increases crying
• B. hinders early motor development
• C. promotes an insecure attachment relationship
• D. restricts movement and increases warmth

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Swaddling newborns restricts their movement by wrapping them snugly in a blanket, which helps to mimic the feeling of security they had in the womb. It also helps to maintain their warmth and can promote better sleep patterns. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because swaddling does not increase crying, hinder early motor development, or promote an insecure attachment relationship. Instead, it provides comfort, warmth, and a sense of security for newborns.

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