Nursing Elites

1. Which mental health disorder can lead to the erosion of lingual enamel, enlarged parotid glands, palatal bruising, and dentinal hypersensitivity?

• A. Bulimia
• B. Anorexia nervosa
• C. Depression
• D. Schizophrenia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bulimia. Bulimia involves repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging, which can lead to the erosion of lingual enamel, enlarged parotid glands, palatal bruising, and dentinal hypersensitivity. This behavior exposes the teeth to stomach acid during purging, causing damage to the enamel. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these conditions are not typically associated with the specific oral health issues mentioned in the question.

2. Is the loss of teeth or supporting periodontium often associated with poor food selection and limited chewing ability, and do the patients' masticatory efficiency and biting force decline with each tooth lost?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are indeed true. The loss of teeth or supporting periodontium frequently leads to poor food selection and limited chewing ability, as these conditions can make certain foods difficult to consume. Additionally, a patient's masticatory efficiency and biting force do decline with each tooth lost, as there are fewer teeth to distribute the force of the bite. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest that one or both of these statements are false, which is not the case.

3. Are the following statements both true: 'Most excess energy intake, whether from protein, carbohydrate, alcohol, or fat, is stored in the liver' and 'Fat is a good source of energy, but the preferred fuel is protein'?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true, but the second is false
• D. The first statement is false, but the second is true

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Both of the given statements are false. The first statement is inaccurate because the primary location for excess energy storage is not the liver, but rather adipose tissue where it is stored as fat. While the liver does have a role in energy storage and metabolism, it is not the main storage site for excess intake. The second statement is also incorrect. Although fat and protein can be used as sources of energy, the body's preferred source of energy is carbohydrates. They break down more efficiently and are easier for the body to use. The body prefers to conserve protein for other essential functions, such as tissue repair and the production of enzymes. Therefore, protein is not the preferred fuel source.

4. What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?

• A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
• B. BMI > 31
• C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
• D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.

5. A client with diabetes is being taught by a nurse about the dietary source that should provide the greatest percentage of calories. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the teaching?

• A. "Most of my calories each day should be from fats."?
• B. "I should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else."?
• C. "Simple sugars are needed more than other calorie sources."?
• D. "Protein should be my main source of calories."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is '"I should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else."?' Clients with diabetes should focus on complex carbohydrates as their primary calorie source because they have a lower impact on blood sugar levels compared to simple sugars or fats. Choice A is incorrect because a high intake of fats can lead to various health issues. Choice C is incorrect because simple sugars can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels. Choice D is incorrect as while protein is important, it should not be the main source of calories for someone with diabetes.

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