Nursing Elites

1. Which food should the nurse recommend for a client deficient in vitamin A?

• A. Orange slices
• B. Steamed carrots
• C. Apple sauce
• D. Baked potato

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, steamed carrots, as they are high in vitamin A. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, which is essential for good vision, a healthy immune system, and cell growth. Oranges (choice A) are a good source of vitamin C but not vitamin A. Apple sauce (choice C) and baked potato (choice D) do not provide significant amounts of vitamin A compared to steamed carrots, making them less suitable recommendations for a client deficient in this specific nutrient.

2. Which of the following suggestions is the healthiest for Miguel, who is always hungry and never seems to feel full despite eating enough calories?

• A. Switch out energy-dense foods with more nutrient-dense foods that are more likely to make him feel full
• B. Drink adequate amounts of water
• C. A, B
• D. Eat foods with more fat, as fat slows gastric emptying and will make him feel more full

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is A and B. Switching to more nutrient-dense foods can help Miguel feel full despite eating enough calories. Nutrient-dense foods provide essential nutrients and are more satisfying. Drinking adequate water is also crucial for overall health and can help with feelings of fullness. Choice D is incorrect because while fat can contribute to satiety, it should be consumed in balance with other nutrients. Consuming foods with high fat content excessively may lead to other health issues and does not address the underlying problem of feeling constantly hungry despite eating.

3. Each nonnutritive sweetener can be recommended to patients with phenylketonuria, except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. Cyclamate
• B. Acesulfame-K
• C. Saccharin
• D. Aspartame

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Aspartame. Aspartame contains phenylalanine, which is contraindicated for individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder that impairs phenylalanine metabolism. Therefore, patients with PKU should avoid aspartame. Choices A, B, and C (Cyclamate, Acesulfame-K, Saccharin) are considered safe for individuals with PKU as they do not contain phenylalanine and can be recommended as alternatives to sugar for these patients.

4. For an incontinent elderly client who frequently wets his bed and develops redness and skin excoriation at the perianal area, what is the best nursing goal?

• A. Ensure that the bed linen is always dry
• B. Frequently check the bed for wetness and keep it dry
• C. Place a rubber sheet under the client's buttocks
• D. Keep the patient clean and dry

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The best nursing goal for an incontinent elderly client with skin excoriation is to ensure that the bed linen is always dry. This helps in preventing further skin breakdown and promoting skin integrity. Choice B, to frequently check the bed for wetness and keep it dry, may not address the issue of prevention if the linen is not consistently dry. Choice C, placing a rubber sheet under the client's buttocks, focuses more on protecting the mattress rather than addressing the client's skin condition directly. Choice D, keeping the patient clean and dry, is important but does not specifically address the preventive aspect of maintaining dry bed linen.

5. Which physiologic effect should the nurse expect in a client addicted to hallucinogens?

• A. Dilated pupils
• B. Constricted pupils
• C. Bradycardia
• D. Bradypnea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Clients addicted to hallucinogens often exhibit constricted pupils due to the effects of the drug on the sympathetic nervous system. This sympathetic stimulation causes the pupils to constrict rather than dilate. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Dilated pupils are more commonly associated with stimulant use, while bradycardia (slow heart rate) and bradypnea (slow breathing) are not typical effects of hallucinogens.

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