ATI RN
Final Exam Pathophysiology
1. Which information would indicate more teaching is needed regarding hypersensitivity reactions? Type _______ hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response.
- A. I
- B. II
- C. III
- D. IV
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Type IV hypersensitivity reactions involve cell-mediated immunity, not an antibody response. This question tests knowledge of hypersensitivity reactions and their classification. Type I hypersensitivity reactions involve IgE antibodies, Type II involves IgG or IgM antibodies, and Type III involves immune complex deposition. Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are delayed and involve T cells, not antibodies. Therefore, if a person believes that Type IV hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response, more teaching is required.
2. A nurse is discussing denture care with the partner of a client who is unable to perform oral hygiene. Which of the following should be included in the discussion?
- A. Floss dentures as part of daily cleaning.
- B. Wipe dentures before storing them in a dry container at night.
- C. Wrap gloved fingers with gauze to remove dentures.
- D. Use a washcloth to clean the denture surfaces.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Wrap gloved fingers with gauze to remove dentures.' This method provides a safe and effective way to remove dentures without causing damage. Choice A is incorrect because flossing dentures is not recommended. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests wiping dentures and storing them dry, which is not the best practice. Choice D is incorrect because using a washcloth may not effectively clean all denture surfaces.
3. A client has returned from the surgical suite following surgery for a fractured mandible with intermaxillary fixation. Which of the following actions is the priority for the nurse to take?
- A. Prevent aspiration.
- B. Ensure adequate nutrition.
- C. Promote oral hygiene.
- D. Relieve the client's pain.
Correct answer: Prevent aspiration.
Rationale: Preventing aspiration is the priority for a client with intermaxillary fixation following mandibular surgery. Aspiration can occur due to difficulty swallowing or improper positioning, posing a serious risk to the client's respiratory status. It is crucial for the nurse to ensure that the client's airway is clear and that they are positioned correctly to prevent any potential aspiration events.
4. You promote hemodynamic stability in a patient with upper GI bleeding by:
- A. Encouraging oral fluid intake.
- B. Monitoring central venous pressure.
- C. Monitoring laboratory test results and vital signs.
- D. Giving blood, electrolyte and fluid replacement.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Promoting hemodynamic stability in a patient with upper GI bleeding involves giving blood, electrolyte, and fluid replacement.
5. An RN�s client with terminal pancreatic cancer asks questions about a do not resuscitate order. Which of the following statements should be included in the RN�s teaching to the client?
- A. When a heart ceases to beat, the client is pronounced clinically dead.
- B. Physicians must write do not resuscitate (DNR) orders.
- C. A DNR order can be written after the health-care provider has discussed it with the client and family.
- D. A DNR requires a court decision.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A DNR order can be written after the health-care provider has discussed it with the client and family.
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