ATI RN
WGU Pathophysiology Final Exam
1. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
- A. Improved blood flow
- B. Slowed metabolic rate
- C. Decreased brain weight
- D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
Correct answer: B, C
Rationale: Normal changes associated with aging include a slowed metabolic rate and decreased brain weight. Option A, 'Improved blood flow,' is incorrect as aging is generally associated with reduced vascular health rather than improved blood flow. Option D, 'Improved nerve fiber conduction,' is incorrect as aging typically leads to a decline in nerve function rather than improvement.
2. The following client come to the ophthalmology clinic. Which client needs to be seen first?
- A. Client who had recent cataract surgery and has worsening vision
- B. Client with an absent red reflex on ophthalmic examination
- C. Client with an intraocular pressure of 24 mm Hg
- D. Client with a tearing, reddened eye with exudate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Worsening vision after cataract surgery requires immediate attention to prevent complications.
3. What is the primary purpose of administering insulin to a patient with diabetes?
- A. Regulate blood glucose levels
- B. Increase metabolism
- C. Prevent complications
- D. Promote insulin sensitivity
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Regulate blood glucose levels.' Administering insulin to a patient with diabetes helps regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby lowering high blood sugar levels. This process aims to prevent hyperglycemia and its associated complications. Choice B, 'Increase metabolism,' is incorrect as the primary role of insulin is not to increase metabolism directly. Choice C, 'Prevent complications,' is partially correct as regulating blood glucose through insulin administration does help prevent complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes, but it is not the primary purpose. Choice D, 'Promote insulin sensitivity,' is incorrect as insulin itself is administered to compensate for the lack of endogenous insulin in diabetic patients, rather than to promote sensitivity to it.
4. A child has been diagnosed with a Wilms tumor. What should preoperative nursing care include?
- A. Careful bathing and handling
- B. Monitoring of behavioral status
- C. Maintenance of strict isolation
- D. Administration of packed red blood cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Careful bathing and handling. Preoperative care for a child with a Wilms tumor should focus on preventing any trauma to the abdomen, which could lead to tumor rupture. Monitoring behavioral status and maintaining strict isolation are not as critical in this situation. Behavioral status is important but not a priority in preoperative care for a Wilms tumor. Strict isolation is not necessary unless there are specific infectious concerns, which is not typically the case for a Wilms tumor. Administration of packed red blood cells is not a standard preoperative intervention for Wilms tumor.
5. Which model of practice emphasizes the child's subjective experience of their abilities?
- A. Occupational Adaptation
- B. Model of Human Occupation
- C. Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model
- D. Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) emphasizes the child's subjective experience of their abilities, focusing on their motivation, roles, habits, and routines. It considers how these factors influence their occupational performance. MOHO helps occupational therapists understand how a child's perceptions of their abilities impact their engagement in meaningful activities and occupations.
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