which physiologic effect should the nurse expect in a client addicted to hallucinogens

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Test

1. Which physiologic effect should the nurse expect in a client addicted to hallucinogens?

A. Dilated pupils
B. Constricted pupils
C. Bradycardia
D. Bradypnea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Clients addicted to hallucinogens often exhibit constricted pupils due to the effects of the drug on the sympathetic nervous system. This sympathetic stimulation causes the pupils to constrict rather than dilate. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Dilated pupils are more commonly associated with stimulant use, while bradycardia (slow heart rate) and bradypnea (slow breathing) are not typical effects of hallucinogens.

2. Which type of drug is most likely to cause unintentional weight gain?

A. Antiemetics
B. Sedatives
C. Corticosteroids
D. Antibiotics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Corticosteroids are most likely to cause unintentional weight gain. They influence the metabolism and fat distribution in the body, leading to weight gain. On the other hand, antiemetics are drugs that are used to prevent nausea and vomiting, and they do not typically cause weight gain. Sedatives, while they can cause drowsiness and may lead to less physical activity, are not directly associated with weight gain. Lastly, antibiotics are used to fight bacteria and while they can cause temporary digestive issues, they do not typically result in long-term weight gain.

3. A common side effect of diuretic medications is _____.

A. dry mouth
B. urinary tract infection
C. increased taste perception
D. nausea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diuretic medications can lead to dry mouth due to increased fluid loss through urination, reducing saliva production.

4. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are most likely associated with disturbed defecation, bloating, and _____.

A. rectal bleeding
B. abdominal pain
C. rectal fissures
D. esophageal paralysis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Abdominal pain is a common symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), along with bloating and changes in bowel habits. Rectal bleeding (choice A) is more commonly associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer. Rectal fissures (choice C) may cause rectal bleeding but are not typically considered a core symptom of IBS. Esophageal paralysis (choice D) is unrelated to the symptoms of IBS, which primarily affect the lower gastrointestinal tract.

5. Each of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin except for one. Which is the exception?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, not fat-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are Vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are stored in the body's fat tissues and liver, unlike water-soluble vitamins which are not stored and are eliminated in urine, making them less likely to reach toxic levels.