Nursing Elites

1. Is it correct that eliminating sucrose from the diet leads to a significant reduction in dental caries, and that the best advice is to consume sugar in moderation and limit the frequency of sugar exposure?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is incorrect because dental caries are not solely caused by sucrose. They are the result of a complex interaction of multiple factors, including the type of bacteria in the mouth, the host's diet, oral hygiene, and salivary flow. The second statement is correct as consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure are indeed effective strategies to prevent dental caries. Therefore, the answer is option D: The first statement is false; the second is true.

2. What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?

• A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
• B. BMI > 31
• C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
• D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.

3. Which medical problem is not generally associated with malnutrition?

• A. incontinence
• B. pressure sores
• C. celiac disease
• D. major surgery

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Incontinence is not typically associated with malnutrition, whereas conditions like pressure sores and celiac disease are directly linked to nutritional deficiencies and malabsorption.

4. Which of the following ethical principles refers to the duty to do good?

• A. Beneficence
• B. Fidelity
• C. Veracity
• D. Nonmaleficence

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. In the management process, the periodic checking of the results of action to make sure that it coincides with the goal of the institution is termed as:

• A. Planning
• B. Evaluating
• C. Directing
• D. Organizing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Evaluating. Evaluating involves the periodic checking of results to ensure they align with the institution's goals. Planning (choice A) is about setting goals and determining the actions required to achieve them. Directing (choice C) involves overseeing and guiding the activities of individuals or teams to accomplish goals. Organizing (choice D) is about arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives. In the context of the management process described, evaluating best fits the action of checking results against goals.

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