ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. What is the primary role of albumin in the blood?
- A. Transport oxygen throughout the body.
- B. Serve as a key clotting factor.
- C. Maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance.
- D. Act as an immune response molecule.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance. Albumin plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure by helping to retain fluid within the blood vessels. This function is essential for regulating blood volume and preventing fluid from leaking out into tissues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because albumin is not primarily responsible for transporting oxygen, acting as a clotting factor, or functioning as an immune response molecule in the blood.
2. A client with bipolar disorder is experiencing a manic episode. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Provide a structured environment
- B. Encourage rest periods
- C. Limit setting on inappropriate behaviors
- D. Allow the client to engage in stimulating activities
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During a manic episode, it is essential to provide a structured environment to help the client maintain stability. Encouraging rest periods is crucial as excessive activity during mania can lead to exhaustion. Setting limits on inappropriate behaviors helps ensure the client's safety and the safety of others. Allowing the client to engage in stimulating activities can exacerbate manic symptoms by further increasing their energy levels and impulsivity. This can lead to a worsening of the manic episode and potentially risky behaviors. Therefore, allowing the client to engage in stimulating activities is not an appropriate intervention during a manic episode.
3. What is the initial intervention for a patient with chest pain?
- A. Administer aspirin
- B. Administer nitroglycerin
- C. Provide pain relief
- D. Prepare for surgery
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct initial intervention for a patient with chest pain is to administer aspirin. Aspirin helps reduce the risk of clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation, which can be beneficial in case the chest pain is due to a cardiac event. Administering nitroglycerin may follow aspirin administration to help relieve chest pain by dilating blood vessels. Providing pain relief is a general approach and may not address the underlying cause of chest pain. Preparing for surgery would not be the initial intervention for chest pain unless there are specific indications for immediate surgical intervention.
4. A client has been diagnosed with hypertension but does not take the antihypertensive medications because of a lack of symptoms. What response by the nurse is best?
- A. Do you have trouble affording your medications?
- B. Most people with hypertension do not have symptoms.
- C. You are lucky; most people get severe morning headaches.
- D. You need to take your medicine or you will get kidney failure.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Most people with hypertension are asymptomatic, although a small percentage do have symptoms such as headache. The nurse should explain this to the client. Asking about paying for medications is not related because the client has already admitted nonadherence. Threatening the client with possible complications will not increase compliance.
5. The nurse is planning education about appropriate protein food choices for a client who has recently been prescribed a renal diet. Which protein food items should the nurse include in the education?
- A. Yogurt, seeds, and lentils
- B. Beef, bacon, and nuts
- C. Peanut butter, beans, and peas
- D. Poultry, eggs, and fish
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Poultry, eggs, and fish. These protein sources are high-quality proteins suitable for a renal diet as they provide essential amino acids without excessive amounts of potassium or phosphorus. Choice A, yogurt, seeds, and lentils, may be high in potassium and phosphorus, which could be restricted in a renal diet. Choice B, beef, bacon, and nuts, are also high in phosphorus and may not be ideal for a renal diet. Choice C, peanut butter, beans, and peas, are high in potassium and phosphorus, making them less suitable for a renal diet.
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