ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Final Exam
1. A patient is prescribed raloxifene (Evista) for osteoporosis. What is the primary mechanism of action for this medication?
- A. Raloxifene decreases bone resorption, which helps to maintain or increase bone density.
- B. Raloxifene increases calcium absorption in the intestines, which helps build stronger bones.
- C. Raloxifene stimulates new bone formation by increasing osteoblast activity.
- D. Raloxifene decreases calcium excretion by the kidneys, helping to maintain bone density.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Raloxifene decreases bone resorption, which helps to maintain or increase bone density, making it effective in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
2. A nurse orienting a newly licensed nurse is reviewing the procedure for taking a telephone prescription. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the newly licensed nurse understands the process?
- A. A second nurse enters the prescription into the client's medical record.
- B. Another nurse should listen to the phone call.
- C. The provider can clarify the prescription when he signs the health record.
- D. I should omit the 'read back' if this is a one-time prescription.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Another nurse should listen to the phone call.' When taking a telephone prescription, having another nurse listen to the phone call is essential to prevent errors in communication. This process helps ensure accuracy and reduces the risk of misinterpretation. Choice A is incorrect because entering the prescription into the client's medical record is not related to verifying the accuracy of the telephone prescription. Choice C is incorrect as the provider clarifying the prescription upon signing the health record doesn't address the immediate need for verification during the phone call. Choice D is incorrect because the 'read back' is a crucial step in confirming the accuracy of all prescriptions, regardless of whether they are one-time or recurring.
3. A nurse is planning care for a client who reports following Seventh-Day Adventist dietary laws. Which of the following dietary guidelines should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Replace salt with pepper when seasoning water.
- B. Request that coffee is removed from meal trays.
- C. Offer pork with two meals per week.
- D. Provide a high-protein snack between meals.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Seventh-Day Adventists typically avoid stimulants like caffeine, so requesting that coffee is removed from meal trays is appropriate.
4. A registered nurse (RN) is caring for a patient who is one of Jehovah�s Witnesses and has refused a blood transfusion even though her hemoglobin is dangerously low. After providing information about all the alternatives available and risks and benefits of each, the health-care provider allows the patient to determine which course of treatment she would prefer. The RN knows this is an example of which ethical principle?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Nonmaleficence
- C. Beneficence
- D. Distributive justice
Correct answer: A
Rationale: This is an example of the ethical principle of autonomy.
5. A client who had an elective below-the-knee amputation reports pain in the foot that was amputated. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. The pain will go away after the swelling decreases.
- B. That is phantom limb pain.
- C. Your foot has been amputated, so you are not having pain in that foot.
- D. On a scale of 0-10, how would you rate your pain?
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct response is to assess the pain intensity by asking the client to rate their pain on a scale of 0-10. This helps the nurse to effectively manage the client's pain. Choice A is incorrect as it dismisses the client's pain without proper assessment. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the pain is phantom limb pain without assessing the client's current condition. Choice C is incorrect as it invalidates the client's pain experience and does not address the issue at hand.
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