Nursing Elites

1. What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?

• A. Investigators' cultural values sometimes lead them to misinterpret what they see.
• B. It provides little information on how children and adults actually behave.
• C. It relies on unobtrusive techniques, such as surveillance cameras and one-way mirrors.
• D. It provides little information about the reasoning behind participants' responses.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The limitation of the ethnographic method is that investigators' cultural values sometimes lead them to misinterpret what they see. This can introduce bias into the observations and potentially impact the accuracy of the findings. It is important for researchers to be aware of their own biases and strive to minimize their influence when conducting ethnographic studies. Choice B is incorrect because ethnographic methods actually aim to provide rich information on how individuals behave within their cultural contexts. Choice C is incorrect as ethnographic methods typically involve direct observation and participation rather than unobtrusive techniques like surveillance cameras. Choice D is incorrect because one of the strengths of ethnographic research is its ability to uncover the reasoning behind participants' responses by immersing the researcher in the cultural setting.

2. In the eighth month of pregnancy, what typically happens?

• A. fetal growth doubles
• B. neuron production increases
• C. the eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck form
• D. lanugo typically is shed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In the eighth month of pregnancy, lanugo typically is shed. Lanugo is the fine, downy hair that covers a fetus's body to help regulate body temperature while in the womb. By the eighth month, many fetuses shed this hair as they prepare for birth. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because fetal growth doubling, neuron production increasing, and the formation of eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck occur in earlier stages of pregnancy, not specifically in the eighth month.

3. Dr. Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies. Which method is best suited for this type of research?

• A. naturalistic observation
• B. clinical interview
• C. case study
• D. structured interview

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A case study would be the best method for Dr. Bigelow to study musical prodigies. In a case study, the researcher can closely examine and analyze the unique characteristics, abilities, and behaviors of individual subjects. This method allows for in-depth exploration of a specific phenomenon, making it ideal for investigating exceptional cases such as musical prodigies. Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, which may not provide the detailed insights needed for studying musical prodigies. Clinical interviews focus on gathering information through structured questioning, not ideal for studying unique talents. Structured interviews involve asking a set of predetermined questions, which may not allow for the depth of exploration required for studying musical prodigies.

4. Increasingly, researchers __________.

• A. assume that development stops at adolescence
• B. view old age as a period of decline
• C. view heredity as more influential than the environment
• D. see development as a perpetually ongoing process Answer: D Page Ref: 7 Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Lifespan Perspective: A Balanced Point of View Difficulty Level: Moderate Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 4 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Increasingly, researchers see development as a perpetually ongoing process. This perspective emphasizes that development continues throughout the lifespan, rather than stopping at a particular age like adolescence. Researchers now focus on understanding how individuals change and grow over time, recognizing that development is a lifelong journey influenced by both biological and environmental factors.

5. Lanugo ________.

• A. permits food and oxygen to reach the organism
• B. provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements
• C. helps regulate the fetus's body temperature
• D. helps the vernix stick to the skin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lanugo helps the vernix stick to the skin. Vernix is a waxy substance that covers the fetus's skin during pregnancy. Lanugo is a fine, downy hair that helps to anchor the vernix to the skin, providing protection and nourishment to the developing fetus. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the role of lanugo in prenatal development.

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