maryann is pregnant and works in a smoke filled environment what can you tell her about passive smoking

ATI RN

Human Growth and Development Exam 1

1. Maryann is pregnant and works in a smoke-filled environment. What can you tell her about passive smoking?

A. The negative effects of smoking are only evident in children born to heavy smokers.
B. Passive smoking is related to low birth weight, infant death, and childhood respiratory illnesses.
C. Smoke-filled environments are harmful to expectant mothers, but not to their unborn children.
D. The effects of passive smoking are not yet known.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Passive smoking, also known as secondhand smoke, can have harmful effects on pregnancies. Research has shown that exposure to smoke-filled environments during pregnancy is linked to low birth weight, infant death, and childhood respiratory illnesses. Pregnant women should avoid exposure to secondhand smoke to protect the health of their unborn babies. Choice A is incorrect because passive smoking affects both the mother and the unborn child, not just children born to heavy smokers. Choice C is incorrect as it underestimates the risks of smoke-filled environments on unborn children. Choice D is incorrect as research has already established the harmful effects of passive smoking on pregnancies.

2. It is difficult to isolate the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy because __________.

A. most drug-using mothers refuse to participate in teratology research
B. the majority of babies born to drug-using mothers do not survive for more than a few days
C. most drug-using mothers quit using illegal drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy
D. drug users often take several drugs, display other high-risk behaviors, and suffer from other stresses

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The difficulty in isolating the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy is due to the fact that drug users often take several drugs, display other high-risk behaviors, and suffer from other stresses. This makes it challenging to identify the specific impact of each individual factor on prenatal development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the complexity of the situation involving drug users during pregnancy. Most drug-using mothers refusing to participate in teratology research, the majority of babies not surviving, or drug-using mothers quitting during the first trimester do not directly explain the difficulty in isolating the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy.

3. During her pregnancy, Padma increased her intake of coffee and tea. Her doctor is likely to tell her that high doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea increase the risk of __________.

A. premature labor
B. limb deformities
C. respiratory distress at birth
D. low birth weight Answer: D Page Ref: 83 Skill Level: Apply known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: D

Rationale: High doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea have been linked to an increased risk of low birth weight. Consuming large amounts of caffeine during pregnancy can interfere with the baby's growth and development, leading to a lower birth weight than expected. It is important for pregnant women to limit their caffeine intake to reduce the risk of complications such as low birth weight.

4. Vygotsky's emphasis on culture and social experience led him to __________.

A. understand the interaction between biological factors and social influences in cognitive development
B. overemphasize the role of heredity in cognitive change
C. emphasize children's independent efforts to make sense of their world
D. place too much emphasis on children's capacity to shape their own development

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vygotsky's emphasis on culture and social experience did not lead him to neglect the biological side of development. Instead, he believed that biological factors and social influences interact to shape cognitive development. Choice A is correct because it reflects Vygotsky's view that biological factors and social experiences work together in cognitive development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as Vygotsky's emphasis was not on overemphasizing heredity, focusing solely on independent efforts of children, or placing too much emphasis on children's capacity to shape their own development.

5. The information-processing approach views the human mind as a __________.

A. socially mediated process
B. collection of stimuli and responses
C. system of genetically programmed behaviors
D. symbol-manipulating system through which information flows

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The information-processing approach views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows. This perspective emphasizes how information is received, processed, stored, and retrieved in the mind, similar to how a computer processes data through symbols and operations. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the fundamental principles of the information-processing approach, which focuses on the mind's symbolic manipulation of information rather than being a socially mediated process, a collection of stimuli and responses, or a system of genetically programmed behaviors.