Nursing Elites

1. What occurs during stage three of bone healing?

• A. Consolidation
• B. Callus formation
• C. Granulation formation
• D. Hematoma formation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During stage three of bone healing, callus formation occurs. This process involves the formation of a soft callus made of collagen and cartilage, which bridges the gap between bone fragments. Choice A, consolidation, typically happens in later stages and involves the hardening of the callus into mature bone. Choices C and D are incorrect as granulation formation and hematoma formation occur in earlier stages of bone healing, specifically stages one and two, respectively.

2. The client complains of fatigue and joint pain and reports that they are unable to walk due to pain in the knees. What is the most appropriate statement by the nurse?

• A. "You just have arthritis and should take some ibuprofen."?
• B. "You should avoid walking. This might be osteoporosis."?
• C. "Please tell me more about when your pain started."?
• D. "You need to lose weight or the pain won't go away."?

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

3. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a client with immobility?

• A. Constipation related to immobility
• B. Ineffective breathing pattern related to inability to breathe deeply in a supine position
• C. Risk for impaired skin integrity as evidenced by pressure over bony prominences
• D. Risk for disuse syndrome as evidenced by immobility

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct priority nursing diagnosis for a client with immobility is 'Risk for impaired skin integrity as evidenced by pressure over bony prominences.' Immobility predisposes the client to the development of pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure on bony areas. Monitoring and preventing impaired skin integrity is crucial to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are not the priority in this case. Constipation, ineffective breathing pattern, and disuse syndrome are important but secondary to the immediate risk of skin breakdown associated with immobility.

4. The client with systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma) is experiencing Raynaud's phenomenon. What assessment finding does the nurse anticipate?

• A. Excessive heartburn
• B. Cyanosis of the lips
• C. Excess wrinkled skin
• D. Cold and purple nailbeds

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

5. What medication class can decrease tissue inflammation but delays bone healing?

• A. Anticoagulants
• B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• C. Opioids
• D. Narcotics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are known to decrease tissue inflammation but may delay bone healing. Anticoagulants (Choice A) are used to prevent blood clotting, opioids (Choice C) are pain relievers, and narcotics (Choice D) are drugs that affect the central nervous system. While all the choices may have their own indications and uses in healthcare, NSAIDs are specifically associated with delaying bone healing despite their anti-inflammatory properties.

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