Nursing Elites

1. To raise HDL levels, what is Mrs. Smith advised to do?

• A. quit smoking
• B. increase dietary sodium
• C. take iron supplements
• D. avoid dairy products

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: quit smoking. Smoking lowers HDL levels, so quitting smoking is crucial to raising HDL levels. Increasing dietary sodium (choice B) is not linked to raising HDL levels and can have negative effects on cardiovascular health. Taking iron supplements (choice C) is not directly related to increasing HDL levels. Avoiding dairy products (choice D) is not necessary to raise HDL levels; in fact, some dairy products like low-fat options can be part of a heart-healthy diet.

2. Can fluid retention cause lab values to be deceptively high, whereas dehydration may cause the values to be deceptively low?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not always
• D. Sometimes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement is incorrect. Fluid retention generally results in lab values appearing deceptively low, not high, because the excess fluid dilutes the concentration of substances in the blood. Conversely, dehydration can make lab values appear deceptively high as the reduced fluid volume in the body means substances in the blood are less diluted. Choices 'C: Not always' and 'D: Sometimes' are not specific and do not directly address the statement in the question, hence they are incorrect.

3. What can be a potential consequence of consuming insufficient fat?

• A. constipation
• B. marasmus
• C. infertility
• D. diverticulitis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Fat is crucial for the production of hormones, including reproductive hormones. Consuming too little fat can lead to hormonal imbalances, affecting fertility. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Constipation is more commonly associated with insufficient fiber intake, marasmus is severe malnutrition due to overall calorie deficiency, and diverticulitis is often related to low fiber intake and not specifically low fat consumption.

4. A client with hypertension is being educated by a nurse about a heart-healthy diet. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?

• A. I will get 15% of my total daily calories from saturated fats.
• B. I will decrease the potassium in my diet.
• C. I will limit my daily sodium intake to 3 grams.
• D. I will eat five 8-ounce servings of fruit daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Limiting daily sodium intake to 3 grams is crucial in managing blood pressure and is a fundamental aspect of a heart-healthy diet. High sodium intake can contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular issues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because getting 15% of daily calories from saturated fats, decreasing potassium intake, and eating five servings of fruit do not directly address the management of hypertension through sodium restriction.

5. A nurse is caring for an antepartum client who has iron-deficiency anemia. When teaching the client about nutrition, the nurse should emphasize the need for an increased intake of which of the following foods?

• A. Milk and cheese
• B. Red meat and organ meat
• C. Fresh fruits
• D. Whole grain breads

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is red meat and organ meat. These foods are rich sources of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based foods. Red meat and organ meat can significantly help in increasing the iron levels in individuals with iron-deficiency anemia, especially in antepartum clients. Fresh fruits, while nutritious, do not provide high amounts of iron. Milk and cheese are not the best sources of iron for individuals with iron-deficiency anemia. Whole grain breads also do not contain as much bioavailable iron as red meat and organ meat.

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