Nursing Elites

1. To raise HDL levels, what is Mrs. Smith advised to do?

• A. quit smoking
• B. increase dietary sodium
• C. take iron supplements
• D. avoid dairy products

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: quit smoking. Smoking lowers HDL levels, so quitting smoking is crucial to raising HDL levels. Increasing dietary sodium (choice B) is not linked to raising HDL levels and can have negative effects on cardiovascular health. Taking iron supplements (choice C) is not directly related to increasing HDL levels. Avoiding dairy products (choice D) is not necessary to raise HDL levels; in fact, some dairy products like low-fat options can be part of a heart-healthy diet.

2. This special form is used when the patient is admitted to the unit. The nurse completes the information in this record particularly his/her basic personal data, current illness, previous health history, health history of the family, emotional profile, environmental history as well as physical assessment together with nursing diagnosis on admission. What do you call this record?

• A. Nursing Kardex
• B. Nursing Health History and Assessment Worksheet
• C. Medicine and Treatment Record
• D. Discharge Summary

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. Each of the following accurately describes aspects of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. The DRIs replace the older recommended daily allowances
• B. Current DRIs attempt to estimate required nutrients to improve long-term health
• C. DRIs specifically address individuals whose requirements are affected by a disease state
• D. The DRIs attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. DRIs are intended for the general population and do not specifically address disease states, which are managed with different clinical guidelines. Choice A is correct as DRIs have replaced the older recommended daily allowances. Choice B is correct as current DRIs aim to estimate the required nutrients for long-term health. Choice D is correct as DRIs also attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.

4. Which statement indicates understanding of a low-fiber diet?

• A. I can cut up carrots and celery sticks for my lunch.
• B. I will eat a bran muffin for my mid-morning snack.
• C. I will have oatmeal with skim milk for my breakfast.
• D. I should choose canned peaches for my fruit serving.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because canned peaches are low in fiber compared to the other options provided. Option A contains high-fiber vegetables (carrots and celery), option B includes a bran muffin which is fiber-rich, and option C involves oatmeal which is also a good source of fiber. Therefore, choosing canned peaches aligns with a low-fiber diet.

5. What stimulates bile secretion from the liver to the small intestine?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Salivary Amylase
• C. CCK
• D. Secretin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine, aiding in fat digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, not involved in bile secretion. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that initiates starch digestion in the mouth, not related to bile secretion. Secretin is a hormone that regulates the release of gastric juice in the stomach and triggers the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, but it does not stimulate bile secretion.

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