ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam
1. What would you do to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal?
- A. Drink plenty of coffee before each meal
- B. Avoid eating foods rich in vitamin C with the meal
- C. Eat a calcium-rich food with the meal
- D. Consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal'. This is because Vitamin C significantly enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, a form of iron found in plant-based foods. Therefore, consuming orange juice, which is rich in vitamin C, with a meal can effectively increase iron absorption. On the contrary, choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Coffee (Choice A) contains polyphenols that can inhibit iron absorption. Avoiding vitamin C-rich foods (Choice B) would decrease iron absorption, not increase it. While calcium (Choice C) is essential for many bodily processes, it can actually inhibit iron absorption when consumed together.
2. During which period does the germinal period occur?
- A. Occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy
- B. Lasts about six weeks
- C. Lasts about two weeks
- D. Is the final period of a 38-week pregnancy
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The germinal period lasts about two weeks and occurs during the first two weeks of pregnancy. This is the time when the fertilized egg implants into the uterus and begins to divide rapidly. It is followed by the embryonic period, which lasts from about week 3 to week 8 of pregnancy. Choice A is incorrect because the germinal period happens in the early stages of pregnancy, not the second trimester. Choice B is incorrect because the germinal period typically lasts about two weeks, not six. Choice D is incorrect because the germinal period is an early stage of pregnancy and not the final period of a 38-week pregnancy.
3. What causes type I diabetes?
- A. Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas
- B. Destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, resulting in an inability to produce insulin
- C. Loss of insulin receptors on the target cells, resulting in insulin resistance
- D. A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Type I diabetes is caused by the destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas, leading to an inability to produce insulin. This results in a lack of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. Choice A is incorrect as type I diabetes is characterized by a deficiency of insulin production, not overproduction. Choice C describes the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, where insulin receptors become less responsive to insulin. Choice D is unrelated to type I diabetes as it describes a pituitary tumor causing increased antidiuretic hormone production.
4. An obstetrician tells a 42-year-old patient that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of 'advanced maternal age.' The patient is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair.
- A. the age of the sperm.
- B. the age of her eggs.
- C. her risk of developing diabetes.
- D. her cholesterol level, not her appearance.
Correct answer: the age of her eggs.
Rationale: The correct answer is 'the age of her eggs.' As women age, the quality of their eggs decreases, leading to a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities and infertility. This decline in egg quality is why advanced maternal age is associated with a higher risk of certain pregnancy complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary concern in this context is related to the age-related changes in a woman's eggs, not sperm, diabetes risk, or cholesterol levels.
5. When is additional Vitamin C not required?
- A. Infancy
- B. Young adulthood
- C. Childhood
- D. Pregnancy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin C requirements are increased during infancy, childhood, and pregnancy due to growth and development. However, during young adulthood, the body generally requires a consistent amount of Vitamin C as it is not undergoing rapid growth or physiological changes that necessitate an increase in Vitamin C intake.