ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored
1. What describes a common physical change of aging that can affect an older adult's nutrition?
- A. reduced salivary output
- B. increased gastrointestinal motility
- C. abnormal cortisol production
- D. increase in number of taste buds
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Reduced salivary output is a common physical change in aging. This can affect an older adult's nutrition by impacting chewing, swallowing, and taste perception. The decrease in saliva production can make it harder to chew and swallow food effectively, affecting the overall eating experience. Additionally, saliva plays a role in taste perception, so a reduction in salivary output can lead to alterations in how food tastes, potentially impacting an individual's appetite and food choices. Increased gastrointestinal motility (choice B) is not typically associated with aging and would not directly affect nutrition. Abnormal cortisol production (choice C) is related to hormonal changes and is not a common physical change of aging that affects nutrition. An increase in the number of taste buds (choice D) is not a typical change associated with aging and would not have a significant impact on an older adult's nutrition.
2. Before administering an MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine to a 15-month-old, which question should the nurse ask the mother of the child?
- A. “Has your child had any sore throats?”
- B. “Has your child been eating properly?”
- C. “Is your child allergic to any antibiotics?”
- D. “Has your child been exposed to any infections?”
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct question the nurse should ask the mother before administering an MMR vaccine to a 15-month-old is whether the child is allergic to any antibiotics. This is crucial because vaccines like MMR contain components that the child could be allergic to, such as neomycin. Checking for antibiotic allergies is essential to prevent adverse reactions to the vaccine. The other options are less relevant in this context. Asking about sore throats, eating habits, or exposure to infections does not directly impact the administration of the MMR vaccine.
3. Which option best describes an effective way to engage the community in health promotion activities?
- A. Developing culturally appropriate materials
- B. Organizing community events
- C. Creating partnerships with local organizations
- D. Utilizing social media for outreach
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Creating partnerships with local organizations is a highly effective strategy for engaging the community in health promotion activities. By partnering with local organizations, health promotion efforts can leverage existing community connections, resources, and expertise, leading to more comprehensive and sustainable initiatives. These partnerships help in reaching a wider audience, building trust within the community, and fostering collaboration towards shared health goals.
4. Each statement is true of calcium within saliva, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Saliva is supersaturated with calcium.
- B. Saliva is a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface.
- C. Calcium and phosphate in saliva provide a buffering action.
- D. Calcium within saliva increases dental caries.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Calcium within saliva does not increase dental caries; in fact, the buffering action provided by calcium and phosphate in saliva inhibits caries formation by preventing the dissolution of enamel by plaque biofilm. Choice A is correct as saliva is indeed supersaturated with calcium. Choice B is correct as saliva serves as a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface. Choice C is correct as calcium and phosphate in saliva do provide a buffering action to protect teeth from acids.
5. Which action would be classified as tertiary prevention?
- A. Providing rehabilitation services
- B. Administering medications
- C. Conducting health education sessions
- D. Conducting follow-up appointments
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is providing rehabilitation services. Tertiary prevention focuses on improving the quality of life and minimizing the impact of chronic conditions. Rehabilitation services help individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities to restore or enhance their functioning, making it a crucial aspect of tertiary prevention efforts.