Nursing Elites

1. Angelo, An 8 month old child is brought to the health care facility with sunken eyes. You pinch his skin and it goes back very slowly. In what classification of dehydration will you categorize Angelo?

• A. No Dehydration
• B. Some Dehydration
• C. Severe Dehydration
• D. Diarrhea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

2. To ensure client safety before starting blood transfusions, the following are needed before the procedure can be done EXCEPT:

• A. take baseline vital signs
• B. warm the blood to room temperature for 30 minutes before administering the transfusion
• C. have two nurses verify client identification, blood type, unit number, and expiration date of blood
• D. get consent signed for blood transfusion

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To ensure client safety before starting blood transfusions, taking baseline vital signs, warming the blood to room temperature, and having two nurses verify client identification, blood type, unit number, and expiration date of blood are crucial steps. Consent for blood transfusion is required but is typically obtained before the procedure. The focus before the procedure should be on confirming the right client, blood product, and ensuring the blood is prepared correctly to minimize risks of transfusion reactions.

3. For a patient with celiac disease, which dietary modification is necessary?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Avoid gluten
• C. Increase dairy intake
• D. Avoid lactose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten. Patients with celiac disease have an immune reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with celiac disease to avoid gluten-containing products. Increasing protein intake (Choice A) is not specifically necessary for celiac disease management. Increasing dairy intake (Choice C) is unrelated to the dietary requirements of individuals with celiac disease. Avoiding lactose (Choice D) is relevant for individuals with lactose intolerance, not celiac disease. Therefore, the only necessary modification for a patient with celiac disease is to avoid gluten.

4. Which type of assessment evaluates a person's risk of malnutrition by ranking key variables from the medical history and physical examination?

• A. Katz index
• B. integrated assessment
• C. subjective global assessment
• D. nutrition care plan

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is the correct choice. SGA is a comprehensive tool used to assess an individual's risk of malnutrition by integrating key variables from the medical history, physical examination, and other relevant factors. The Katz index is used to assess activities of daily living, not malnutrition risk. An integrated assessment refers to the overall evaluation process involving multiple assessments. A nutrition care plan is a personalized plan developed based on assessment findings, not the assessment itself.

5. The nurse understands that malnutrition is a prevalent issue among hospitalized individuals. What is it commonly associated with?

• A. Decreased health care expenses
• B. Elevated blood pressure
• C. Decreased mortality rates
• D. A compromised immune system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malnutrition is often associated with a weakened immune system. This is because when the body is not sufficiently nourished, it lacks the necessary nutrients to maintain a well-functioning immune system, making patients more vulnerable to infections and other health complications. This can potentially increase mortality rates and prolong hospital stays, contrary to choice C. Choices A and B are incorrect as malnutrition does not lead to decreased health care costs or high blood pressure. In fact, it may increase health care costs due to the potential for increased complications and extended hospital stays.

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