this study which is an in depth study of one boy is a

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Test

1. This study, which is an in-depth study of one boy, is a:

A. case study
B. longitudinal study
C. cross-sectional study
D. evaluative study

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: case study.' A case study involves an in-depth examination of a single individual, group, or event. In this scenario, focusing on one boy aligns with the definition of a case study. The other options are not applicable: B) A longitudinal study involves following subjects over a period of time, C) A cross-sectional study examines a population at a single point in time, and D) An evaluative study assesses the effectiveness of a program or intervention, which is not the focus of the given scenario.

2. In PEM, which condition is characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness, hanging skin, delayed tooth eruption, and changes in saliva?

A. Marasmus
B. Kwashiorkor
C. Anemia
D. Noma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Marasmus. Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that leads to muscle wasting, hanging skin, delayed growth, and changes in saliva. These symptoms are commonly seen in vulnerable populations such as children, homeless individuals, older adults, and substance abusers. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is characterized by edema, a distended belly, and skin lesions. Anemia is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, leading to fatigue and weakness. Noma is a severe infection affecting the face, particularly the mouth and jaw area.

3. Each is a physiologic role of vitamin D, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Hematopoiesis
B. Cardiac and neuromuscular function
C. Immune responses
D. Serum calcium regulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hematopoiesis. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating serum calcium levels, which is essential for maintaining cardiac and neuromuscular function. Additionally, vitamin D is involved in modulating immune responses. However, hematopoiesis, the formation of red blood cells, is not a direct physiologic role of vitamin D. Therefore, hematopoiesis is the exception among the listed functions of vitamin D.

4. Which food provides a 1-ounce serving of grains for a preschool child?

A. 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal flakes
B. 1â„2 slice of whole wheat bread
C. 1â„2 of a 6-inch flour tortilla
D. 1 cup of cooked rice

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal flakes. For a preschool child, 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal flakes provides a 1-ounce serving of grains, meeting the requirement. Choice B, 1â„2 slice of whole wheat bread, is not the correct answer as it does not constitute a 1-ounce serving of grains. Similarly, choice C, 1â„2 of a 6-inch flour tortilla, does not offer a 1-ounce serving of grains. Choice D, 1 cup of cooked rice, also does not provide a 1-ounce serving of grains for a preschool child, making it an incorrect choice.

5. Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of:

A. fiber
B. sodium
C. cholesterol
D. saturated fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of sodium. This restriction is crucial to prevent fluid retention, which can exacerbate the condition. While fiber is generally beneficial for heart health, sodium restriction is more critical in this scenario. Cholesterol and saturated fat intake should also be monitored, but sodium restriction takes precedence due to its direct impact on fluid balance.