Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a tricyclic antidepressant drug?

• A. Venlafaxine (Effexor)
• B. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• C. Sertraline (Zoloft)
• D. Imipramine (Tofranil)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Imipramine (Tofranil) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug. This class of medications is used to treat depression, and they work by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain that help lift mood. On the other hand, Venlafaxine (Effexor) is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), Fluoxetine (Prozac) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and Sertraline (Zoloft) is also an SSRI. Therefore, they are not classified as tricyclic antidepressants.

2. A patient who is recovering from surgery should increase their intake of which nutrient to promote healing?

• A. Fats
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Protein
• D. Fiber

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Protein is crucial for tissue repair and recovery after surgery. Proteins provide the building blocks necessary for tissue healing and regeneration. Fats are important for various bodily functions but are not as directly involved in tissue repair as proteins. Carbohydrates provide energy but do not play a primary role in tissue healing. Fiber is essential for digestive health but is not a nutrient that directly promotes tissue repair.

3. Each statement is true of vitamin K, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Vitamin K is produced in the gut.
• B. Vitamin K functions as a catalyst for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors.
• C. Vitamin K maintains prothrombin levels.
• D. Vitamin K absorption increases with high levels of vitamin E supplementation.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Vitamin K absorption decreases with high levels of vitamin E supplementation because in larger amounts, vitamin E acts as an anticoagulant. Vitamin K is not produced in the gut but can be obtained from food sources or supplements. Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors and is crucial in maintaining prothrombin levels, which is vital for proper blood clotting. The incorrect choice, D, is misleading as high levels of vitamin E supplementation hinder vitamin K absorption due to its anticoagulant properties. Dental hygienists should be aware of the importance of vitamin K in blood clotting, especially when treating patients who are on anticoagulant medications for conditions like stroke prevention.

4. The nurse is correct in performing suctioning when she applies the suction intermittently during:

• A. Insertion of the suction catheter
• B. Withdrawing of the suction catheter
• C. both insertion and withdrawing of the suction catheter
• D. When the suction catheter tip reaches the bifurcation of the trachea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. A nurse is instructing teenage girls on the importance of adequate calcium intake throughout their life span to prevent complications. Which complication should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Goiter
• B. Osteoporosis
• C. Heart disease
• D. Dental caries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake throughout life helps prevent osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, which is common in older adults. Goiter is caused by an iodine deficiency, not calcium. Heart disease is more related to factors like cholesterol and blood pressure. Dental caries are primarily influenced by oral hygiene and sugar intake, not just calcium.

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