Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a tricyclic antidepressant drug?

• A. Venlafaxine (Effexor)
• B. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• C. Sertraline (Zoloft)
• D. Imipramine (Tofranil)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Imipramine (Tofranil) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug. This class of medications is used to treat depression, and they work by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain that help lift mood. On the other hand, Venlafaxine (Effexor) is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), Fluoxetine (Prozac) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and Sertraline (Zoloft) is also an SSRI. Therefore, they are not classified as tricyclic antidepressants.

2. The dietary guidelines for Americans recommend consuming:

• A. nutrient dense foods
• B. non-essential amino acids
• C. energy dense foods
• D. organically grown foods

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The guidelines emphasize nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients without excessive calories, sugars, or unhealthy fats.

3. A nurse is planning to teach a client about a low-potassium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

• A. Butter
• B. Poultry
• C. Yogurt
• D. Orange juice

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Orange juice is high in potassium and should be avoided in a low-potassium diet. Butter, poultry, and yogurt are low-potassium food choices and can be included in a low-potassium diet. Poultry is a good source of lean protein, yogurt is a good source of calcium and protein, and butter is low in potassium. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid orange juice as it is high in potassium, which is not suitable for a low-potassium diet.

4. A client with chronic kidney disease is being taught about dietary needs by a nurse. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as being the lowest in phosphorus?

• A. Medium apple
• B. Bran cereal
• C. Scrambled eggs
• D. Ground turkey

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, a medium apple. Apples are a suitable option for clients with chronic kidney disease as they are low in phosphorus. Bran cereal (choice B), scrambled eggs (choice C), and ground turkey (choice D) are all higher in phosphorus content compared to apples, making them less ideal choices for individuals with chronic kidney disease.

5. Fat-soluble vitamins are different from water-soluble vitamins because the body is able to store only small amounts of fat-soluble vitamins.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. A major difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins is that the body is able to store larger amounts of fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A and D are stored for long periods; therefore, minor shortages might not be identified until drastic depletion has occurred. Observable signs and symptoms of a dietary deficiency are often not identified until they are in an advanced state. Water-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are not stored in the body and are excreted in the urine if taken in excess, making it harder to reach toxic levels.

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