ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Practice Exam
1. Which term refers to a condition where the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often referred to as a heart attack?
- A. Myocardial infarction
- B. Arrhythmia
- C. Stroke
- D. Aneurysm
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often by a blood clot. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat, stroke involves the interruption of blood flow to the brain, and an aneurysm is a bulge in a blood vessel.
2. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. What dietary instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Take magnesium hydroxide for indigestion.
- B. Drink at least 3L of fluid daily.
- C. Eat 1g/kg of protein per day.
- D. Consume foods high in potassium.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: For a client with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis, consuming 1g/kg of protein per day is important. This amount helps manage the condition without overburdening the kidneys. Choice A is incorrect because magnesium hydroxide is not specifically recommended for clients with chronic kidney disease. Choice B is not accurate as fluid intake needs to be individualized based on the client's condition and dialysis status. Choice D is incorrect because foods high in potassium should generally be limited for individuals with kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis to prevent hyperkalemia.
3. How do the automated data processing systems in the medical C4I headquarters aid in various aspects?
- A. Maintaining patient accountability
- B. Tracking patient movement
- C. Managing health service logistics systems
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The automated data processing systems in the medical C4I headquarters play a crucial role in maintaining patient accountability by tracking patient movement and aiding in the management of health service logistics systems. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Option A is incorrect because the systems do more than just maintaining patient accountability. Option B is incorrect as it focuses solely on tracking patient movement, missing the broader scope. Option C is also incorrect as it only addresses the management of health service logistics systems and overlooks the other functionalities provided by the systems.
4. A nurse is planning a staff education program to review nursing interventions for clients who have kidney failure. Which of the following sources should the nurse identify as the best resource for obtaining evidence-based information?
- A. The advice of an expert nephrology nurse
- B. Retrospective chart reviews
- C. Facility critical pathway
- D. A recent peer-reviewed nursing research article
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A peer-reviewed nursing research article is the best resource for obtaining evidence-based information because it provides the most current and reliable data on nursing interventions. Choice A, the advice of an expert nephrology nurse, may be helpful but could be based on individual experience rather than the latest research. Retrospective chart reviews (Choice B) focus on past cases and may not reflect current best practices. Facility critical pathways (Choice C) offer standardized care plans but may not always incorporate the most up-to-date evidence-based practices.
5. Which nursing action will best promote patient safety when administering medications?
- A. Check the patient's wristband before administering medications.
- B. Confirm the patient's allergies prior to administration.
- C. Document the medications immediately after administration.
- D. Prepare medications at the medication cart to minimize distractions.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Confirming the patient's allergies before administering medications is crucial for patient safety as it helps prevent adverse reactions. Checking the patient's wristband is important for identification but may not directly impact medication safety. Documenting medications after administration is necessary but does not primarily promote safety during administration. Preparing medications at the medication cart, rather than the nurse's station, is preferred to ensure accuracy and proper medication handling, but it is not directly related to confirming allergies for safety.
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