Nursing Elites

1. Which term refers to a condition where the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often referred to as a heart attack?

• A. Myocardial infarction
• B. Arrhythmia
• C. Stroke
• D. Aneurysm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often by a blood clot. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat, stroke involves the interruption of blood flow to the brain, and an aneurysm is a bulge in a blood vessel.

2. The client on amiodarone develops symptoms of hypothyroidism. What is the nurse’s best response?

• A. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
• B. Reassure the client that this is a common side effect of amiodarone.
• C. Monitor the client’s thyroid function tests regularly.
• D. Discontinue the amiodarone immediately.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a client on amiodarone develops symptoms of hypothyroidism, the nurse's best response is to monitor the client's thyroid function tests regularly. Amiodarone can affect thyroid function, so monitoring is essential to assess the impact and adjust treatment if necessary. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately (Choice A) may be necessary in some cases but the priority is to monitor first. Reassuring the client (Choice B) is not sufficient as monitoring is crucial. Discontinuing amiodarone (Choice D) abruptly without healthcare provider guidance can lead to serious consequences.

3. The nurse is caring for a heart client on digoxin and notes a potassium level of 2.5. What is the appropriate priority nursing intervention?

• A. Do nothing as this is a normal potassium level.
• B. The potassium level is low so the nurse asks for an order for potassium.
• C. The nurse asks to check the digoxin level as low potassium can increase digoxin toxicity.
• D. The nurse stops the digoxin.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. When caring for a client on digoxin with a low potassium level, the priority nursing intervention is to check the digoxin level. Low potassium can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Checking the digoxin level will help determine if any adjustments to the medication regimen are needed to prevent potential harm. Choice A is incorrect as a potassium level of 2.5 is low, not normal. Choice B is not the priority as simply giving potassium may not address the underlying issue of potential digoxin toxicity. Choice D is not the initial action to take without assessing the digoxin level first.

4. What is the term for inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often leading to a persistent cough and mucus production?

• A. Bronchitis
• B. Asthma
• C. Pneumonia
• D. Cystic fibrosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Bronchitis.' Bronchitis refers to the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which can be acute or chronic, leading to symptoms like coughing and increased mucus production. Choice B, 'Asthma,' is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, often causing wheezing and shortness of breath. Choice C, 'Pneumonia,' is an infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Choice D, 'Cystic fibrosis,' is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, causing mucus buildup and respiratory issues.

5. The nurse is preparing to administer a beta blocker to a client with hypertension. What is the priority assessment?

• A. Check the client's heart rate.
• B. Check the client's blood pressure.
• C. Check the client's respiratory rate.
• D. Check the client's temperature.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to check the client's blood pressure. Before administering a beta blocker to a client with hypertension, assessing the blood pressure is crucial because beta blockers can cause hypotension, potentially leading to adverse effects. Checking the heart rate may also be important but is secondary to monitoring the blood pressure in this scenario. Respiratory rate and temperature assessments are not directly related to assessing the client's response to a beta blocker in hypertension management, making choices C and D less relevant.

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