Nursing Elites

1. Which condition is caused by a bacterium that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body?

• A. Tuberculosis
• B. Pneumonia
• C. Legionnaires' disease
• D. Histoplasmosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but can spread to other organs. Choice B, Pneumonia, is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Choice C, Legionnaires' disease, is a severe form of pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacteria. Choice D, Histoplasmosis, is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores of the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus.

2. What is the primary effect of a calcium channel blocker on the heart?

• A. Decreases heart rate
• B. Increases heart rate
• C. Increases blood pressure
• D. Decreases blood pressure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreases blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers primarily work by relaxing blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. While these medications can have secondary effects on the heart, such as reducing the workload of the heart muscle, the primary effect related to blood pressure regulation. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the primary action of calcium channel blockers on the heart.

3. What is a condition where the pulmonary arteries become blocked by a blood clot, leading to chest pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms?

• A. Pulmonary embolism
• B. Pneumothorax
• C. Pulmonary edema
• D. Pulmonary hypertension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a condition where a blood clot blocks one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, resulting in symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and other related signs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pneumothorax refers to a collapsed lung, pulmonary edema is the build-up of fluid in the lungs, and pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs - none of which directly involve a blood clot blocking the pulmonary arteries.

4. The nurse is preparing to administer a beta blocker to a client with hypertension. What is the priority assessment?

• A. Check the client's heart rate.
• B. Check the client's blood pressure.
• C. Check the client's respiratory rate.
• D. Check the client's temperature.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to check the client's blood pressure. Before administering a beta blocker to a client with hypertension, assessing the blood pressure is crucial because beta blockers can cause hypotension, potentially leading to adverse effects. Checking the heart rate may also be important but is secondary to monitoring the blood pressure in this scenario. Respiratory rate and temperature assessments are not directly related to assessing the client's response to a beta blocker in hypertension management, making choices C and D less relevant.

5. What test measures the electrical activity of the heart to detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions?

• A. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• B. Chest X-ray
• C. Stress test
• D. Arterial blood gas (ABG)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is used to measure the heart's electrical activity, aiding in the detection of arrhythmias and other heart conditions. Choice B, a chest X-ray, is not used to measure electrical activity but to visualize the structures of the chest. Choice C, a stress test, evaluates the heart's response to exertion and is not primarily focused on measuring electrical activity. Choice D, an arterial blood gas (ABG) test, is used to assess oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not the heart's electrical activity.

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