Nursing Elites

1. Which condition occurs when the heart muscle is damaged due to a lack of oxygen, often resulting from a heart attack?

• A. Myocardial infarction
• B. Angina
• C. Pericarditis
• D. Pulmonary embolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is the condition where the heart muscle is damaged due to a lack of oxygen, typically caused by a blocked coronary artery. Angina (choice B) is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen-rich blood. Pericarditis (choice C) is the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. Pulmonary embolism (choice D) is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, often caused by a blood clot.

2. The client on amiodarone develops symptoms of hypothyroidism. What is the nurse’s best response?

• A. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
• B. Reassure the client that this is a common side effect of amiodarone.
• C. Monitor the client’s thyroid function tests regularly.
• D. Discontinue the amiodarone immediately.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a client on amiodarone develops symptoms of hypothyroidism, the nurse's best response is to monitor the client's thyroid function tests regularly. Amiodarone can affect thyroid function, so monitoring is essential to assess the impact and adjust treatment if necessary. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately (Choice A) may be necessary in some cases but the priority is to monitor first. Reassuring the client (Choice B) is not sufficient as monitoring is crucial. Discontinuing amiodarone (Choice D) abruptly without healthcare provider guidance can lead to serious consequences.

3. The client is on hydrochlorothiazide and digoxin. What effect can the nurse expect?

• A. Hydrochlorothiazide increases digoxin levels.
• B. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases digoxin levels.
• C. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases potassium, increasing the risk of digoxin toxicity.
• D. Digoxin can increase the effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can decrease potassium levels, which in turn can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin typically doesn't impact hydrochlorothiazide levels or effectiveness, making choices A, B, and D incorrect. Choice A stating that hydrochlorothiazide increases digoxin levels is inaccurate. Choice B suggesting that hydrochlorothiazide decreases digoxin levels is also incorrect. Choice D, stating that digoxin can increase the effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide, is not a typical interaction seen between these medications.

4. This is the inflammation of the heart's inner lining, usually caused by an infection.

• A. Endocarditis
• B. Myocarditis
• C. Pericarditis
• D. Valvulitis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Endocarditis is the inflammation of the inner lining of the heart's chambers and valves, usually caused by a bacterial infection. Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle, Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium (the outer lining of the heart), and Valvulitis is the inflammation of the heart valves. Therefore, in this case, the correct answer is Endocarditis as it specifically refers to the inflammation of the heart's inner lining.

5. What is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, leading to thick, sticky mucus that can clog the airways?

• A. Cystic fibrosis
• B. COPD
• C. Bronchiectasis
• D. Pulmonary fibrosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. It leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus that can clog the airways, causing respiratory issues. Choice B, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), is a different condition usually caused by smoking or exposure to irritants. Choice C, bronchiectasis, involves the widening and scarring of the airways, not the production of thick mucus. Choice D, pulmonary fibrosis, is a lung disease characterized by scarring of the lung tissue, not excessive mucus production.

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