ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam
1. Which fibers distribute the electrical impulse to the ventricles, causing them to contract?
- A. Purkinje fibers
- B. SA node
- C. AV node
- D. Bundle of His
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Purkinje fibers. Purkinje fibers are specialized conducting fibers that distribute the electrical impulse to the ventricles, leading to their contraction. The SA node (sinoatrial node) is responsible for initiating the electrical impulse in the heart, the AV node (atrioventricular node) delays the impulse to allow for proper atrial contraction before ventricular contraction, and the Bundle of His transmits the impulse from the AV node to the ventricles. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are not the correct options for fibers directly distributing the impulse to the ventricles.
2. A well-rounded fitness program focuses on flexibility, resistance training and aerobic conditioning. What statements are true about a well-rounded fitness program? (Select all that apply)
- A. Movement against resistance increases muscular strength and endurance
- B. Intensity is the amount of time a person is exercising
- C. Stretching after exercise cools the muscles and limits post exercise stiffness
- D. all of the Above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Resistance training, proper stretching, and exercise duration/intensity contribute to a well-rounded fitness program.
3. A nurse is carrying on a conversation with a 7-year-old child during an office visit. Which is an example of the level of language development the nurse should expect in this child?
- A. Fascination with bathroom language
- B. Difficulty understanding the concept of 'half past' in reference to time
- C. Ability to carry on an adult conversation
- D. Inability to speak in full sentences
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Understanding time concepts like 'half past' can be challenging for a 7-year-old, indicating the level of language development. Choice A is incorrect as fascination with bathroom language is common in this age group but not necessarily indicative of language development. Choice C is incorrect as a 7-year-old typically cannot carry on an adult conversation due to cognitive and experiential limitations. Choice D is incorrect as by the age of 7, children should be able to speak in full sentences.
4. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client with a history of atherosclerosis and notes elevated cholesterol levels. Which statement by the client indicates the nurse should plan follow-up instruction on a low-cholesterol diet?
- A. ''I take an omega-3 supplement daily.''
- B. ''I cook my food with canola oil.''
- C. ''I eat three eggs for breakfast each morning.''
- D. ''I flavor my meat with lemon juice.''
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Eating three eggs daily increases cholesterol intake, which could exacerbate atherosclerosis. Choice A is incorrect because taking an omega-3 supplement can actually help reduce cholesterol levels. Choice B is incorrect as canola oil is a healthier choice compared to saturated fats. Choice D is incorrect since flavoring meat with lemon juice does not significantly impact cholesterol levels.
5. A woman of childbearing age is diagnosed with breast cancer. She is currently taking hormonal contraceptives. What information should the woman be given regarding the hormonal contraceptives?
- A. The hormonal contraceptives do not affect the course of the disease.
- B. The hormonal contraceptives will stimulate uterine bleeding.
- C. The hormonal contraceptives will impair uterine bleeding.
- D. The hormonal contraceptives will stimulate tumor growth.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Hormonal contraceptives should be discontinued in women diagnosed with breast cancer because they can potentially stimulate cancer growth. Choice B is incorrect as hormonal contraceptives do not stimulate uterine bleeding. Choice C is also incorrect as hormonal contraceptives typically do not impair uterine bleeding. Choice D is incorrect because hormonal contraceptives are not meant to stimulate tumor growth.
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