ATI RN
Physical Exam Cardiovascular System
1. Which condition is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways resulting in excess mucus production, leading to frequent coughing and breathing difficulties?
- A. Chronic bronchitis
- B. Asthma
- C. Pneumonia
- D. COPD
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis involves long-term inflammation of the bronchi, leading to excessive mucus production, frequent coughing, and breathing difficulties. Asthma (B) is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and bronchospasms. Pneumonia (C) is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. COPD (D) is a term used to describe chronic lung diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems.
2. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoarthritis?
- A. Older age
- B. Sports injuries
- C. Obesity
- D. Vegan diet
Correct answer: Vegan diet
Rationale:
3. A nurse supervisor is planning an educational session for her staff regarding improving teamwork among different generations. Which of the following recommendations will reduce potential generational conflicts?
- A. Involve only millennials in technology decisions.
- B. Focus on the team as a whole, rather than individual generations.
- C. Involve only the baby boomers in technology decisions.
- D. Practice active and assertive communication techniques.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Active and assertive communication will assist each generation to value the others� skills and perspectives.
4. A client has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. The client should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. Ototoxicity
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia is a potential adverse effect of hydrochlorothiazide due to its diuretic action. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can cause sodium and water loss, potentially leading to hyponatremia. Monitoring for symptoms such as weakness, confusion, and muscle cramps can help detect hyponatremia early. Ototoxicity (choice B) is not a common adverse effect of hydrochlorothiazide. Hypoglycemia (choice C) is not typically associated with hydrochlorothiazide use. Hyperkalemia (choice D) is more commonly associated with potassium-sparing diuretics rather than thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide.
5. A client is prescribed Amlodipine. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Peripheral edema
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Hypertension
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker known to cause peripheral edema as an adverse effect. The nurse should monitor the client for swelling, particularly in the lower extremities, as it can indicate the development of this side effect. Choice A, Tachycardia, is not a common adverse effect of Amlodipine. Choice C, Hyperglycemia, is not typically associated with Amlodipine use. Choice D, Hypertension, is the condition Amlodipine is prescribed to treat, not an adverse effect of the medication.
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