ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf
1. This is a type of therapy that involves removing fluid from the lungs, typically through the use of diuretics.
- A. Diuretic therapy
- B. Oxygen therapy
- C. Inhaler therapy
- D. Antihistamine therapy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diuretic therapy. Diuretic therapy involves the use of medications that help remove excess fluid from the body, often used to treat conditions like pulmonary edema. Choice B, Oxygen therapy, is used to provide oxygen to patients with breathing difficulties but does not involve removing fluid from the lungs. Choice C, Inhaler therapy, is used to deliver medication directly to the lungs to help with respiratory conditions but does not focus on removing fluid. Choice D, Antihistamine therapy, is used to treat allergies by blocking histamine but is not related to removing fluid from the lungs.
2. Which surgical procedure involves grafting a blood vessel to bypass a blocked artery in the heart?
- A. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- B. Valve replacement
- C. Stent placement
- D. Angioplasty
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This surgical procedure involves grafting a blood vessel to bypass a blocked coronary artery, improving blood flow to the heart muscle. Choice B, Valve replacement, is a procedure to replace a damaged heart valve and is not directly related to bypassing blocked arteries. Choice C, Stent placement, involves inserting a mesh tube to keep blocked arteries open and is different from grafting a blood vessel. Choice D, Angioplasty, is a procedure to widen narrowed or blocked arteries, typically using a balloon catheter, and does not involve grafting a blood vessel.
3. A healthcare provider notices a discrepancy in the narcotics log. What is the appropriate response?
- A. Correct the narcotics log and move on.
- B. Report the discrepancy to the supervisor.
- C. Confront the provider responsible for the discrepancy.
- D. Dispose of the medication and ignore the discrepancy.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a healthcare provider notices a discrepancy in the narcotics log, the appropriate response is to report the issue to the supervisor. Reporting discrepancies is crucial to maintain accountability and prevent potential misuse. Choice A is incorrect because simply correcting the log without addressing the underlying issue does not ensure accountability. Choice C is inappropriate as confronting the provider directly may not be the best approach and could lead to a confrontational situation. Choice D is highly inappropriate as ignoring the discrepancy and disposing of medication without proper documentation can lead to serious consequences.
4. A nurse misreads a blood glucose level and administers excess insulin. What should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Monitor for hyperglycemia
- B. Monitor for hypoglycemia
- C. Administer glucose IV
- D. Monitor for increased thirst
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor for hypoglycemia. Excess insulin can lead to low blood glucose levels, causing hypoglycemia. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include sweating, trembling, dizziness, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because administering excess insulin would not lead to hyperglycemia or increased thirst, and administering glucose IV would exacerbate the issue by further lowering blood glucose levels.
5. A client is at risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Encourage the client to remain on bed rest.
- B. Massage the client's legs every 4 hours.
- C. Apply sequential compression devices to the client's legs.
- D. Administer anticoagulants as prescribed.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action the nurse should take for a client at risk for developing DVT is to apply sequential compression devices to the client's legs. This intervention helps prevent venous stasis by promoting circulation and reducing the risk of DVT. Encouraging the client to remain on bed rest (Choice A) can actually increase the risk of DVT due to immobility. Massaging the client's legs every 4 hours (Choice B) can dislodge blood clots and is contraindicated in DVT prevention. While administering anticoagulants as prescribed (Choice D) is a treatment for DVT, it is not a preventive measure for a client at risk.
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