Nursing Elites

1. There is experimental evidence showing that consistently being discriminated against may cause a person to ________.

• A. be happy.
• B. be more conscious.
• C. have cardiovascular reactivity.
• D. have greater intelligence and wisdom.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'have cardiovascular reactivity.' Consistent discrimination can lead to increased cardiovascular reactivity, impacting heart health. Choice A ('be happy') is incorrect because discrimination typically causes distress and negative emotions. Choice B ('be more conscious') is not directly related to the impact of discrimination. Choice D ('have greater intelligence and wisdom') is also unrelated to the physiological response of cardiovascular reactivity caused by discrimination.

2. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the ________ stage.

• A. oral
• B. anal
• C. phallic
• D. genital

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the phallic stage. During this stage, children focus on the genitals and start to identify with the same-sex parent while developing the superego. Choice A, the oral stage, occurs during infancy (0-1 year), where gratification is centered around the mouth. Choice B, the anal stage, occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, focusing on toilet training. Choice D, the genital stage, is the final stage in Freud's theory, occurring from puberty onwards, where the focus is on mature sexual relationships.

3. A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles?

• A. Authoritarian
• B. Permissive/indulgent
• C. Authoritative
• D. Neglectful/uninvolved

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Neglectful/uninvolved. This parenting style is associated with a lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness due to the lack of parental involvement and emotional support. Authoritarian parenting (choice A) is characterized by strict rules and high demands, not necessarily linked to these issues. Permissive/indulgent parenting (choice B) involves few rules and high responsiveness, which may not directly lead to these problems. Authoritative parenting (choice C) combines high demands with emotional support and is actually linked to positive outcomes such as good school performance and social skills.

4. a researcher found that there is a negative relationship between perceived parental perfectionism and life satisfaction. what does this mean?

• A. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report higher levels of life satisfaction
• B. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report lower levels of life satisfaction
• C. Perceived parental perfectionism causes a decline in life satisfaction
• D. Any of the above is correct

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A negative relationship means that as one variable increases, the other decreases, so higher perceived parental perfectionism is associated with lower life satisfaction.

5. How does the environment interact with genetic predispositions to influence mental health?

• A. The environment has no influence on mental health.
• B. The environment interacts with genetic predispositions to either enhance or mitigate mental health risks.
• C. The environment can only influence physical health, not mental health.
• D. The environment has a minimal effect on mental health outcomes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The environment interacts with genetic predispositions to either enhance or mitigate mental health risks. This highlights the intricate relationship between one's genetic makeup and the environmental factors they are exposed to, both contributing significantly to mental health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as numerous studies show that the environment plays a crucial role in mental health. Choice C is incorrect as the environment can influence both physical and mental health. Choice D is incorrect as research indicates that the environment can have a substantial impact on mental health outcomes.

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