Nursing Elites

1. The term teratogen refers to __________.

• A. any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period
• B. a limited time span during which a part of the body is biologically prepared to develop rapidly
• C. a rapid period of prenatal neurological development
• D. a synthetic hormone used to prevent miscarriage

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period.' A teratogen is any substance or factor that can cause harm to the developing fetus during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect because it describes a critical period, not a teratogen. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a specific period of development, not a teratogen. Choice D is incorrect because it describes a synthetic hormone, not a teratogen.

2. Dr. Anderson wants to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children. Dr. Anderson should use a(n) __________ design.

• A. structured
• B. observational
• C. correlational
• D. experimental

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dr. Anderson should use an experimental design to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates the independent variable (in this case, exposure to domestic violence) to observe its effect on the dependent variable (anger in children). This design allows for the establishment of a cause-and-effect relationship by controlling for other variables that may influence the outcomes. Observational design (Choice B) involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, correlational design (Choice C) examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them, and structured design (Choice A) typically refers to a study with predetermined procedures and data collection methods, which may not be suitable for establishing cause-and-effect relationships.

3. What is strongly associated with healthy eating in teenagers?

• A. Vitamin supplementation
• B. Number of hours of sleep
• C. Dieting in adolescence
• D. Frequency of family meals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The frequency of family meals is strongly associated with healthy eating in teenagers. Research indicates that regular family meals provide structure, promote positive eating behaviors, and offer opportunities for modeling healthy food choices. Vitamin supplementation (Choice A) may be beneficial but is not as strongly linked to healthy eating habits as family meal frequency. The number of hours of sleep (Choice B) is important for overall health but is not as directly associated with healthy eating behaviors in teenagers. Dieting in adolescence (Choice C) can sometimes lead to unhealthy eating patterns and is not necessarily linked to consistently healthy food choices.

4. The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy __________ in the body.

• A. T cells
• B. B cells
• C. telomeres
• D. antigens

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, antigens. Antigens are substances recognized by the immune system as foreign, triggering an immune response to neutralize or destroy them. In this context, T cells and B cells are specialized cells of the immune system that respond to antigens, but they are not the substances being neutralized or destroyed. Telomeres, on the other hand, are protective structures at the end of chromosomes and are not targeted for neutralization or destruction by the immune system.

5. Nine-year-old Krista gives part of her allowance to charity and collects canned goods for the food bank through her scout troop. Krista is developing __________.

• A. pride
• B. empathy
• C. guilt
• D. inferiority

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, which is a crucial social development in childhood. In this scenario, Krista's actions of giving to charity and collecting goods for the food bank demonstrate her growing empathy towards those in need. Choice A, pride, does not capture the essence of understanding and sharing others' feelings. Choice C, guilt, is not appropriate as there is no indication that Krista feels guilty about her actions. Choice D, inferiority, is unrelated to the positive behavior displayed by Krista.

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