Nursing Elites

1. What are the most obvious organized patterns of behavior in a newborn baby?

• A. Reflexes
• B. States of arousal
• C. Shrill cries
• D. Sleep patterns

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reflexes. Reflexes are automatic, involuntary responses to specific stimuli and are the most obvious organized patterns of behavior in a newborn baby. Examples of newborn reflexes include sucking, rooting, grasping, and the Moro reflex. These reflexes are crucial for the newborn's survival and overall development. Choice B, states of arousal, refers to different levels of consciousness and responsiveness, not organized behavior patterns. Choice C, shrill cries, is a form of communication and not an organized behavior pattern. Choice D, sleep patterns, while important for newborns, are not the most obvious organized behavior patterns.

2. According to __________ theory, children learn primarily through modeling.

• A. reinforcement
• B. operant conditioning
• C. social learning
• D. classical conditioning

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to social learning theory, children primarily learn through modeling, observation, and imitation of others. This theory emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in learning, as opposed to only focusing on direct reinforcement or punishment. Social learning theory was developed by psychologist Albert Bandura and is a key theory in the field of child development. Choice A, reinforcement, is incorrect as it refers to the process of strengthening a behavior through rewards or punishments. Choice B, operant conditioning, is also incorrect as it is a learning process that involves reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior. Choice D, classical conditioning, is not the correct answer as it involves learning through association between stimuli.

3. The yolk sac __________.

• A. forms during the third trimester of pregnancy
• B. is the outer ring of cells that surrounds the blastocyst Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 3 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• C. produces blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function
• D. contains one large vein that delivers blood loaded with nutrients and two arteries that remove waste Answer: C Page Ref: 77 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The yolk sac is an extraembryonic membrane that plays a significant role in the early development of the embryo. One of its functions is to produce blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function. This process occurs during the early stages of prenatal development to support the growing embryo before it can sustain itself independently.

4. Dr. Torrez believes that how conflicts between biological drives and social expectations are resolved determines the person's ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety. Dr. Torrez accepts the __________.

• A. psychoanalytic perspective
• B. psychosocial theory
• C. cognitive-developmental theory
• D. social learning theory

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dr. Torrez's belief about conflicts between biological drives and social expectations influencing a person's ability to learn, get along with others, and cope with anxiety aligns with the psychoanalytic perspective. This perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and the resolution of inner conflicts as important factors in shaping personality and behavior. The other choices are incorrect because psychosocial theory, cognitive-developmental theory, and social learning theory do not specifically focus on conflicts between biological drives and social expectations as central to understanding human behavior and development.

5. Which factor disrupts the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism?

• A. Self-regulation
• B. Frequent eating out
• C. Reduced sleep
• D. Using screen media

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reduced sleep is the correct answer as it affects hormones that regulate hunger and metabolism, leading to increased appetite and weight gain. Self-regulation is not directly related to the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism. Frequent eating out may impact food choices and portion sizes but is not specifically linked to disrupting the brain's regulation. Using screen media can affect sleep patterns but is not as directly related to the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism as reduced sleep.

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