ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam
1. Lanugo ________.
- A. permits food and oxygen to reach the organism
- B. provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements
- C. helps regulate the fetus's body temperature
- D. helps the vernix stick to the skin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Lanugo helps the vernix stick to the skin. Vernix is a waxy substance that covers the fetus's skin during pregnancy. Lanugo is a fine, downy hair that helps to anchor the vernix to the skin, providing protection and nourishment to the developing fetus. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the role of lanugo in prenatal development.
2. A client diagnosed with schizophrenia is receiving discharge teaching. Which of the following instructions should the healthcare provider include? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Continue taking medications as prescribed
- B. Avoid all social interactions
- C. Report any side effects of medications to the healthcare provider
- D. Develop a daily routine
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Discharge instructions for a client diagnosed with schizophrenia should focus on promoting medication adherence, monitoring and reporting any medication side effects, and establishing a structured daily routine to support stability and well-being. Encouraging the client to avoid all social interactions is not appropriate as social support can be beneficial for individuals with schizophrenia. Social interactions can help reduce feelings of isolation, improve overall well-being, and provide emotional support. Therefore, advising the client to avoid all social interactions would not be in the best interest of their recovery and management of the condition.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Insert a tongue depressor into the client's mouth.
- B. Restrain the client's arms and legs.
- C. Turn the client onto their side.
- D. Place the client in a prone position.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During a tonic-clonic seizure, the nurse should turn the client onto their side. This action helps maintain an open airway by allowing saliva or any vomitus to drain out of the mouth, reducing the risk of aspiration. Inserting a tongue depressor (choice A) is incorrect as it can cause injury to the client's mouth and is not recommended during a seizure. Restraining the client's arms and legs (choice B) can lead to physical harm and should be avoided. Placing the client in a prone position (choice D) is dangerous as it can obstruct the airway and hinder breathing, which is not suitable for a client experiencing a seizure.
4. In cases of myocardial infarction leading to shock, which medication is appropriate to counteract shock?
- A. Atropine
- B. Dopamine
- C. Digoxin
- D. Adenosine
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In cases of myocardial infarction leading to shock, dopamine is the drug of choice. Dopamine helps increase blood pressure and improve blood flow to vital organs, making it beneficial in managing shock. Atropine is mainly used for symptomatic bradycardia, not for shock. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used in heart failure and atrial fibrillation, not for managing shock. Adenosine is typically used for diagnosing and treating supraventricular tachycardias, not for shock associated with myocardial infarction.
5. While caring for a client in a clinic, a healthcare professional learns that the client woke up not recognizing their partner, surroundings, has chills, and chest pain worsening upon inspiration. What should be the healthcare professional's priority action?
- A. Obtain baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation.
- B. Obtain a sputum culture.
- C. Obtain a complete history from the client.
- D. Provide a pneumococcal vaccine.
Correct answer: Obtain baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation.
Rationale: The priority action for the healthcare professional is to obtain the client's baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation. This will provide essential information on the client's current physiological status and help guide further assessment and intervention. Assessing the vital signs and oxygen saturation can help identify any immediate concerns like hypoxia or sepsis, which require prompt attention. While obtaining a complete history and considering a pneumococcal vaccine may be important in the overall care of the client, assessing the vital signs and oxygen saturation takes precedence to address the client's immediate physiological needs.
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