Nursing Elites

1. An imbalance of which nutrient may elicit delayed tooth eruption, enlarged tongue, stillbirths, altered craniofacial growth, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and goiter?

• A. Zinc
• B. Iron
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iron. The provided extract mentions that iodine deficiency can cause delayed tooth eruption, enlarged tongue, stillbirths, altered craniofacial growth, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and goiter. Zinc, Sodium, and Potassium are not associated with these specific symptoms. Zinc deficiency can lead to other health issues but not the ones mentioned. Sodium and Potassium imbalances do not typically result in the symptoms described in the question.

2. What effect does the use of a hot compress have, as explained to Ronnie who has been prescribed pain medication?

• A. It produces an anesthetic effect
• B. It increases nutrition in the blood to promote wound healing
• C. It increases oxygenation to the injured tissues for better healing
• D. It induces vasoconstriction to prevent infection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'It produces an anesthetic effect.' Hot compresses can help alleviate pain by producing an anesthetic effect, which numbs the area. Choice B is incorrect because a hot compress does not directly increase nutrition in the blood to promote wound healing. Choice C is also incorrect because a hot compress primarily aids in pain relief rather than increasing oxygenation to the tissues for enhanced healing. Choice D is incorrect because hot compresses typically lead to vasodilation, not vasoconstriction, which aids in promoting blood flow rather than preventing infection. Safe and effective patient care relies on actions based on established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. When conducting assessments for malnutrition, which risk factors should the nurse consider? (SATA)

• A. Dental problems
• B. Depression
• C. Ability to read and write
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When assessing for malnutrition, nurses should consider multiple risk factors. Dental problems and depression can impact a person's ability to eat and maintain proper nutrition. The ability to read and write may not directly relate to malnutrition risk. The correct answer is 'All of the above' because dental problems and depression are indeed risk factors, along with other factors like the inability to prepare meals and the loss of a spouse.

4. What describes a common physical change of aging that can affect an older adult's nutrition?

• A. reduced salivary output
• B. increased gastrointestinal motility
• C. abnormal cortisol production
• D. increase in number of taste buds

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Reduced salivary output is a common physical change in aging. This can affect an older adult's nutrition by impacting chewing, swallowing, and taste perception. The decrease in saliva production can make it harder to chew and swallow food effectively, affecting the overall eating experience. Additionally, saliva plays a role in taste perception, so a reduction in salivary output can lead to alterations in how food tastes, potentially impacting an individual's appetite and food choices. Increased gastrointestinal motility (choice B) is not typically associated with aging and would not directly affect nutrition. Abnormal cortisol production (choice C) is related to hormonal changes and is not a common physical change of aging that affects nutrition. An increase in the number of taste buds (choice D) is not a typical change associated with aging and would not have a significant impact on an older adult's nutrition.

5. A healthcare professional is preparing an education program for a group of parents of adolescents. Which of the following should be included as indicators of nutritional risk among adolescents? (Select one that does not apply.)

• A. Skipping more than three meals per week
• B. Eating fast food once weekly
• C. Eating without family supervision frequently
• D. Frequently skipping breakfast

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Among the indicators of nutritional risk among adolescents, skipping meals, eating without family supervision, and frequently skipping breakfast are commonly associated with poor nutrition. However, eating fast food once weekly may not necessarily indicate a significant nutritional risk, as occasional consumption of fast food in moderation is not uncommon among adolescents. This choice is the correct answer because it does not strongly correlate with nutritional risk compared to the other options provided.

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