Nursing Elites

1. Select all that apply. You are interested in learning about the effect of eating diet soft drinks on your health. Your internet search leads you to a website with the ending .com, which tells you that diet soft drinks contain sugar alcohols that can cause harm. Which of the following actions are logical?

• A. notice if there are any ads on the page that suggest conflicts of interest
• B. read about consuming diet soft drinks in the dietary guidelines for Americans
• C. visit a more credible website and compare information
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Logical steps include evaluating the credibility of the website, reading official guidelines, comparing information from credible sources, and verifying the author's qualifications.

2. What type of drug therapy is typically administered immediately after a heart attack?

• A. Antilipemic drugs
• B. Corticosteroids
• C. Diuretics
• D. Thrombolytic drugs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Thrombolytic drugs are typically administered immediately after a heart attack to dissolve the clot blocking the coronary artery and restore blood flow to the heart muscle. Antilipemic drugs are used to lower lipid levels and prevent atherosclerosis, but they are not typically administered immediately after a heart attack. Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response, which are not immediate concerns after a heart attack. Diuretics are used to reduce fluid build-up and lower blood pressure, but these are not the primary concerns immediately following a heart attack.

3. Which of the following ethical principles refers to the duty to do good?

• A. Beneficence
• B. Fidelity
• C. Veracity
• D. Nonmaleficence

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. During the phallic stage, with which parent must the child identify?

• A. The same-sex parent
• B. The opposite-sex parent
• C. The mother or the primary caregiver
• D. Both parents

Correct answer: A

Rationale: According to Freud's psychosexual development theory, during the phallic stage (approximately ages 3 to 6), the child starts to identify with the parent of the same sex. This identification is a crucial part of the child's development and is believed to influence their adult behavior. The process involves the child adopting the characteristics, attitudes, and values of the same-sex parent. Choice B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with Freud's theory of the phallic stage of psychosexual development.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. I should elevate the head of my bed while sleeping.
• B. I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
• C. I take my time when I am eating.
• D. I avoid foods and drinks made with chocolate.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.' Excessive coffee consumption can aggravate gastroesophageal reflux due to its acidic nature. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate self-care measures for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Elevating the head of the bed while sleeping helps prevent acid reflux, eating slowly can reduce reflux episodes, and avoiding trigger foods like chocolate can help alleviate symptoms.

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