ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. An elderly man is hospitalized with a diagnosis of malnutrition three months following his wife's death. What risk factor for malnutrition does this scenario illustrate?
- A. A history of chronic illness
- B. Depression or social isolation
- C. Age
- D. Impaired mobility
Correct answer: B
Rationale: This scenario illustrates depression or social isolation as a risk factor for malnutrition. After the death of his wife, the elderly man may have experienced depression or social isolation, which can lead to decreased food intake and poor nutritional status. Although age, chronic illness, and impaired mobility can also contribute to malnutrition, they are not the primary factors described in this scenario. The history of chronic illness (Choice A) and impaired mobility (Choice D) were not mentioned in the scenario, and while age (Choice C) is a factor, it's not the main factor depicted in this case.
2. The most energy-rich nutrient is:
- A. carb
- B. fat
- C. protein
- D. water
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-rich nutrient compared to carbohydrates and proteins, which provide 4 kcal per gram.
3. What is the most common type of kidney stone?
- A. Cystine
- B. Calcium
- C. Struvite
- D. Uric acid
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium-based, specifically calcium oxalate. This is usually due to high calcium levels in the urine, which can be caused by dietary factors or certain metabolic disorders. Cystine stones, on the other hand, are less common and occur in individuals with a hereditary disorder leading to excessive excretion of certain amino acids. Struvite stones are often formed in response to an infection. Uric acid stones may occur in individuals who do not consume sufficient fluids or who lose too much fluid, among other factors. Therefore, while all these substances can form stones in the kidneys, calcium stones are the most common.
4. Which of the following provides greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and overall better health and greater longevity for older adults?
- A. Eating balanced meals
- B. Not smoking or drinking alcohol
- C. Daily physical activity
- D. Increased intake of calcium and iron
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Daily physical activity. Daily physical activity contributes to better flexibility, balance, endurance, and overall health, helping older adults maintain independence and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Choices A, B, and D, although important for overall health, do not specifically address the benefits of greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and greater longevity associated with daily physical activity.
5. As a nurse, you can help improve the effectiveness of communication among healthcare givers by:
- A. Use of reminders of ‘what to do’
- B. Using standardized list of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols
- C. One-on-one oral endorsement
- D. Text messaging and e-mail
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.
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