ATI RN
Physical Exam Cardiovascular System
1. A client on an ACE inhibitor reports a persistent cough. What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. Reassure the client that the cough is a common side effect and is usually not serious.
- B. Instruct the client to report the cough to the healthcare provider as it may require discontinuation of the medication.
- C. Advise the client to use a humidifier at night to relieve the cough.
- D. Suggest the client take an over-the-counter cough suppressant.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A persistent cough in a client on an ACE inhibitor may indicate a serious side effect that requires discontinuation of the medication. Instructing the client to report the cough to the healthcare provider is essential for proper evaluation and management. Choice A is incorrect because simply reassuring the client may delay necessary action. Choice C is incorrect as using a humidifier may not address the underlying cause of the cough. Choice D is incorrect because taking a cough suppressant without healthcare provider guidance may mask symptoms without addressing the cause.
2. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the following exudates is composed of a large accumulation of leukocytes?
- A. Serous
- B. Purulent
- C. Fibrinous
- D. Hemorrhagic
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Purulent. Purulent exudates, or pus, consist primarily of leukocytes and dead cells, indicating a bacterial infection. Serous exudates contain a thin, watery fluid with few leukocytes. Fibrinous exudates are rich in fibrin and are commonly seen in severe inflammation. Hemorrhagic exudates contain red blood cells due to blood vessel damage.
3. Which characteristic identified during an assessment serves to support a diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder? Select one that doesn't apply.
- A. Female
- B. 7 years old
- C. Comorbid autism diagnosis
- D. Outbursts occur at least once a week
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Characteristics such as age, frequency of outbursts, and occurrence in multiple settings support a diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. While comorbid conditions like autism can coexist with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, it is not a characteristic that serves to support a diagnosis of this specific disorder.
4. The baroreceptors, located in the left atrium and in the carotid and aortic arches, respond to changes in the circulating blood volume and regulate sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity as well as endocrine activities. Sympathetic stimulation constricts renal arterioles, causing what effect?
- A. Decrease in the release of aldosterone
- B. Increase of filtration in the Loop of Henle
- C. Decrease in the reabsorption of sodium
- D. Decrease in glomerular filtration
Correct answer: Decrease in glomerular filtration
Rationale:
5. What is a primary goal when managing a client with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
- A. Encourage the client to engage in regular physical exercise
- B. Help the client avoid anxiety triggers through behavioral therapy
- C. Encourage the client to express feelings openly
- D. Teach relaxation techniques to help manage anxiety
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When managing a client with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a primary goal is to teach relaxation techniques to help manage anxiety. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness can be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms. Encouraging the client to engage in regular physical exercise (Choice A) can be beneficial but teaching relaxation techniques is more specific to managing anxiety. Avoiding anxiety triggers through behavioral therapy (Choice B) may be part of the treatment plan but teaching relaxation techniques is more directly aimed at managing anxiety. While encouraging the client to express feelings openly (Choice C) can be important for overall emotional well-being, teaching relaxation techniques is more focused on addressing the symptoms of anxiety.
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