ATI RN
Exam 4 Psychology 101
1. The ____ believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose?
- A. Behaviorists
- B. Humanists
- C. Functionalists
- D. Structuralists
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Functionalists believed that consciousness evolved because it serves a useful purpose in helping humans adapt to their environment. Choice A, Behaviorists, focused on observable behaviors rather than consciousness. Choice B, Humanists, emphasized human potential and self-actualization. Choice D, Structuralists, studied the basic elements of consciousness rather than its function and purpose.
2. A healthcare professional in a provider's clinic is caring for a client who reports erectile dysfunction and requests a prescription for sildenafil. Which of the following medications currently prescribed for the client is a contraindication to taking sildenafil?
- A. Isosorbide
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Metronidazole
- D. Prednisone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Sildenafil is contraindicated with nitrates like isosorbide due to the risk of severe hypotension. Isosorbide is a nitrate that can potentiate the hypotensive effects of sildenafil, leading to a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Therefore, it is essential to avoid concurrent use of isosorbide and sildenafil to prevent adverse effects. Phenytoin, metronidazole, and prednisone do not have significant interactions with sildenafil and are not contraindicated when used together.
3. A client in her first trimester of pregnancy is being taught by a nurse about over-the-counter medications that belong to pregnancy risk category B. Which of the following medications should the nurse include?
- A. Naproxen
- B. Aspirin
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. Acetaminophen
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Acetaminophen is the correct choice as it belongs to pregnancy risk category B, making it considered safe during pregnancy. Naproxen, Aspirin, and Ibuprofen are not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, as they are classified in higher-risk categories which may be harmful to the developing fetus.
4. Which of the following describes the etiology of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
- A. A blow to the head from a hard object
- B. Lack of blood flow to part of the brain
- C. Excessive exercise, such as running
- D. A ruptured artery in the heart
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke, is often caused by a lack of blood flow to part of the brain. This leads to damage in the brain tissue due to the deprived oxygen and nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A blow to the head from a hard object can cause a traumatic brain injury but is not the etiology of a CVA. Excessive exercise like running does not typically lead to a stroke. A ruptured artery in the heart may result in a heart attack, not a cerebrovascular accident.
5. A client with a new tracheostomy is being seen in the oncology clinic. What finding by the nurse best indicates that goals for the nursing diagnosis Impaired Self-Esteem are being met?
- A. The client demonstrates a good understanding of stoma care.
- B. The client has joined a book club that meets at the library.
- C. Family members take turns assisting with stoma care.
- D. Skin around the stoma is intact without signs of infection.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The client joining a book club that meets outside the home and requires him or her to go out in public is the best indicator that goals for Impaired Self-Esteem are being met. This social activity indicates an improvement in self-confidence and willingness to engage with others, which are essential aspects of self-esteem. The other choices, while positive, do not directly address self-esteem concerns related to social interaction and confidence.
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