Nursing Elites

1. What stimulates bile secretion from the liver to the small intestine?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Salivary Amylase
• C. CCK
• D. Secretin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine, aiding in fat digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, not involved in bile secretion. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that initiates starch digestion in the mouth, not related to bile secretion. Secretin is a hormone that regulates the release of gastric juice in the stomach and triggers the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, but it does not stimulate bile secretion.

2. Toilet training occurs in the anal stage of Freud’s psychosexual development. This is equivalent to Erikson’s:

• A. Trust vs. Mistrust
• B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
• C. Initiative vs. Guilt
• D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trust vs. Mistrust. In Freud's psychosexual development theory, the anal stage is where toilet training occurs, focusing on issues of control and independence. This stage is parallel to Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust stage, where infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency of care they receive. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they correspond to different stages in Erikson's psychosocial development theory, not related to toilet training or the anal stage of Freud's theory.

3. Which of the following treatments is not recommended for a child classified with no dehydration?

• A. Administering 1,000 ml to 1,400 ml within 4 hours
• B. Continuing feeding
• C. Allowing the child to take as much fluid as he wants
• D. Returning the child to the doctor if the condition worsens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Continuing feeding is a recommended treatment for a child classified with no dehydration. This helps maintain the child's nutritional status and supports recovery. Options A, C, and D are appropriate interventions for a child with no dehydration. Option A ensures adequate fluid intake, option C promotes hydration, and option D ensures appropriate follow-up if the condition worsens.

4. Which of the following is NOT a physiological role of proteins?

• A. Providing resistance to disease
• B. Regulating fluid balance
• C. Repairing tissue
• D. Serving as the primary source of energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins play a diverse range of physiological roles in the body, such as providing resistance to disease, regulating fluid balance, and repairing tissues. However, they are not the primary source of energy for the body. Carbohydrates and fats typically fulfill this role. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer, as it is not a function that proteins perform. Conversely, choices A, B, and C are all physiological functions of proteins, making them incorrect responses to this particular question.

5. A client who practices Islam and is currently observing dietary restrictions for the month of Ramadan. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Remove pork products from the dietary plan
• B. Facilitate fasting during daylight hours
• C. Serve meat and dairy items together
• D. Provide a low-carb diet on Fridays

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During Ramadan, individuals fast from dawn to sunset. Facilitating fasting during daylight hours respects the dietary practices of clients observing Ramadan. Choice A is incorrect as the dietary restriction during Ramadan involves abstaining from all food and drink during daylight hours, not just beef products. Choice C is incorrect as Muslims generally do not consume meat and dairy together due to religious dietary laws. Choice D is incorrect as providing a low-carb diet on Fridays does not specifically align with the dietary restrictions observed during Ramadan.

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