ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam 2023
1. Which item is typically fortified with iodine to address iodine deficiency in the population?
- A. Flour
- B. Salt
- C. Canned vegetables
- D. Drinking water
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Iodized salt is the correct answer. Iodine deficiency can lead to thyroid problems, so iodine is added to salt to ensure an adequate intake of this essential nutrient. Flour is often fortified with other nutrients like folic acid, iron, and niacin, but not iodine. Canned vegetables and drinking water are not typically fortified with iodine to address deficiency in the population.
2. A patient following a vegetarian diet might be at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin D
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so vegetarians may need supplementation.
3. Nutrition therapy for clients with diabetes is based on:
- A. low dietary intake of sugars
- B. standardized diabetic diet plans
- C. each client’s lifestyle and preferences
- D. the client’s weight and blood glucose level
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Nutrition therapy for clients with diabetes should be individualized to each client's lifestyle, preferences, and needs. This approach ensures that the dietary plan is sustainable and tailored to the client, leading to better adherence and improved health outcomes. Choices A and B are too general and do not account for individual differences among clients. Choice D, focusing solely on weight and blood glucose levels, overlooks other crucial aspects of a client's overall well-being and dietary requirements in diabetes management.
4. A patient is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin level, edema, and elevated blood lipids. Which condition do these symptoms typically associate with?
- A. Nephrotic syndrome
- B. Acute kidney injury
- C. Rejection of a kidney transplant
- D. Renal colic
Correct answer: A: Nephrotic syndrome
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), edema (swelling due to fluid buildup), and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids). These symptoms occur as a result of damage to the kidneys' filtering units. Acute kidney injury, rejection of a kidney transplant, and renal colic do not present with the same combination of symptoms as nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury typically presents with a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in a build-up of waste products in the blood. Rejection of a kidney transplant may present with fever, pain at the transplant site, and changes in urine output. Renal colic usually presents with intense pain in the lower back or side, related to kidney stones.
5. For a patient on a ketogenic diet, which macronutrient is primarily increased?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Protein
- C. Fats
- D. Fiber
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fats. A ketogenic diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein intake, and very low carbohydrate intake. This diet aims to shift the body's metabolism to use fat as the primary source of energy instead of carbohydrates. Increasing fat intake while reducing carbohydrates is essential for achieving and maintaining a state of ketosis. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the macronutrient adjustments required for a ketogenic diet.