ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam 2023
1. Which item is typically fortified with iodine to address iodine deficiency in the population?
- A. Flour
- B. Salt
- C. Canned vegetables
- D. Drinking water
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Iodized salt is the correct answer. Iodine deficiency can lead to thyroid problems, so iodine is added to salt to ensure an adequate intake of this essential nutrient. Flour is often fortified with other nutrients like folic acid, iron, and niacin, but not iodine. Canned vegetables and drinking water are not typically fortified with iodine to address deficiency in the population.
2. What is the amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute?
- A. Cardiac output
- B. Stroke volume
- C. End-diastolic volume
- D. Ejection fraction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiac output. Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in each beat) by the heart rate (number of heartbeats per minute). This question specifically asks for the total amount of blood pumped through the circulatory system in a minute, which is represented by cardiac output. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in each beat, end-diastolic volume is the volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole, and ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction, not the total amount pumped per minute.
3. How is the effectiveness of a diuretic in a patient with heart failure evaluated?
- A. Checking daily weights and lung sounds for improvement
- B. Assessing the patient's blood pressure and urine output
- C. Monitoring for weight loss and reduction in edema
- D. Measuring the patient's heart rate and lung sounds
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct way to evaluate the effectiveness of a diuretic in a patient with heart failure is by checking daily weights and lung sounds for improvement. Daily weights help to assess fluid retention changes, while improvement in lung sounds indicates reduced pulmonary congestion. Assessing blood pressure and urine output (Choice B) is important but does not directly evaluate the effectiveness of the diuretic. Monitoring for weight loss and reduction in edema (Choice C) are valid indicators of diuretic effectiveness, but direct observation of daily weights and lung sounds is more specific. Measuring heart rate and lung sounds (Choice D) is relevant but does not directly assess the impact of the diuretic on fluid balance and pulmonary status.
4. A client is being taught about a new prescription for furosemide. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. This medication will decrease my potassium levels.
- B. I should eat a banana every day to increase my potassium intake.
- C. I will stop taking this medication if I experience a cough.
- D. I should avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Clients taking furosemide should avoid alcohol because it can lead to dehydration and potential interactions with the medication. Choices A and B are incorrect because furosemide is a diuretic that can actually lower potassium levels, so the client should not expect an increase in potassium levels or solely rely on bananas for potassium intake. Choice C is incorrect because a cough is not a common side effect of furosemide and should not be a reason to stop taking the medication.
5. Before bowel surgery, Lee is to administer enemas until clear. During administration, he complains of intestinal cramps. What do you do next?
- A. Discontinue the procedure.
- B. Lower the height of the enema container.
- C. Complete the procedure as quickly as possible.
- D. Continue administration of the enema as ordered without making any adjustments.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: If a patient complains of intestinal cramps during an enema, lowering the height of the enema container can help reduce discomfort.