self esteem takes on a hierarchical structure in
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

Human Growth and Development Clep Practice Exam

1. Self-esteem takes on a hierarchical structure in __________.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In middle childhood, self-esteem becomes more differentiated and organized into a hierarchy based on various domains of competence. This period marks a time when children start to compare their abilities in different areas, such as academic performance, social skills, and physical abilities. Toddlerhood and preschool years are characterized by the development of basic self-awareness and self-concept, but self-esteem hierarchy typically emerges later in middle childhood and further solidifies in adolescence as individuals navigate complex social dynamics and personal identities.

2. What is the function of the amniotic fluid?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.' Amniotic fluid helps maintain a stable and warm environment for the developing organism, assisting in regulating the temperature. This fluid also acts as a cushion, protecting the fetus from physical harm. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while amniotic fluid provides protection and support to the developing organism, it does not directly deliver food, oxygen, nutrients, or remove waste products, nor does it produce blood cells as the organs eventually take over this function.

3. The __________ reflex helps a newborn find the nipple.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The rooting reflex is the correct answer. This reflex helps a newborn baby find the nipple by turning their head and opening their mouth when their cheek is stroked or touched. This is crucial for the baby to locate and latch onto the mother's breast for feeding. The rooting reflex typically disappears around 4 months of age.

4. In mammals, including humans, the sense of smell __________.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sense of smell in mammals, including humans, plays a crucial role in helping mothers and babies identify each other. This is important for initiating bonding and caregiving behaviors. Choice A is incorrect because the sense of smell is functional at birth and not entirely underdeveloped for several years. Choice C is incorrect as the sense of smell is actually well-developed at birth. Choice D is incorrect because the sense of smell is functional from birth and does not take several months to become adultlike.

5. Which of the following best describes a sequential design?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A sequential design permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating. This design involves combining cross-sectional and longitudinal research, allowing for the comparison of different cohorts at different ages. By using this approach, researchers can determine if developmental changes observed are due to age or generation-specific factors. Therefore, a sequential design is valuable in addressing the potential influence of cohort effects on developmental outcomes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a sequential design does not neglect diversity in developmental outcomes, is not necessarily less efficient than a longitudinal design, and can make both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons.

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