ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Exam Questions
1. Swaddling newborns __________.
- A. increases crying
- B. hinders early motor development
- C. promotes an insecure attachment relationship
- D. restricts movement and increases warmth
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Swaddling newborns restricts their movement by wrapping them snugly in a blanket, which helps to mimic the feeling of security they had in the womb. It also helps to maintain their warmth and can promote better sleep patterns. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because swaddling does not increase crying, hinder early motor development, or promote an insecure attachment relationship. Instead, it provides comfort, warmth, and a sense of security for newborns.
2. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.
- A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
- B. survive, if born early
- C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
- D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.
3. A theory of development __________.
- A. illustrates the ultimate truth about human behavior
- B. describes, explains, and predicts behavior
- C. explains all aspects of human growth
- D. does not require scientific verification
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A theory of development describes, explains, and predicts behavior. It provides a framework for understanding how individuals grow and change over time. The purpose of a theory is not to illustrate ultimate truth or explain all aspects of human growth, but rather to help researchers and practitioners make sense of and predict human behavior. Theories are expected to be tested and refined through scientific verification. Choice A is incorrect because theories do not necessarily illustrate ultimate truth. Choice C is incorrect as theories focus on behavior and development, not all aspects of human growth. Choice D is incorrect because scientific verification is essential for theories to be valid and reliable.
4. A __________ is a means of building schemes in which an infant who has stumbled onto a new experience caused by his or her own motor activity tries to repeat the event again and again.
- A. sensorimotor reflex
- B. circular reaction
- C. mental representation
- D. goal-directed behavior
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A circular reaction is a process where an infant repeats a specific action to explore and learn about the environment through their own motor activity. This repetition helps the infant to understand the consequences of their actions and build cognitive schemes. Sensorimotor reflex (choice A) refers to automatic responses to stimuli, not a purposeful repetition of actions to learn. Mental representation (choice C) involves internal cognitive structures to represent objects or events in the mind, which is different from the repetitive behavior described in the question. Goal-directed behavior (choice D) is purposeful and intentional, unlike the repetitive nature of circular reactions in infants' learning process.
5. Who is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement?
- A. Charles Darwin
- B. G. Stanley Hall
- C. Alfred Binet
- D. Sigmund Freud
Correct answer: B
Rationale: G. Stanley Hall is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement. He established the first American research laboratory dedicated to child psychology and education, helping to pioneer the scientific study of child development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they were not primarily associated with founding the child study movement. Charles Darwin is known for his contributions to the theory of evolution, Alfred Binet is famous for developing the first intelligence test, and Sigmund Freud is renowned for his work in psychoanalysis.
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