ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet
1. Children in middle childhood are in Piaget's _______ stage, which extends from about 7 to 11 years.
- A. sensorimotor
- B. preoperational
- C. concrete operational
- D. formal operational
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: concrete operational. During the concrete operational stage, children start to engage in logical thinking about concrete events. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 to 11 years. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The sensorimotor stage (choice A) is the first stage in Piaget's theory, occurring from birth to about 2 years old. The preoperational stage (choice B) follows the sensorimotor stage and occurs roughly from ages 2 to 7 years. The formal operational stage (choice D) is the final stage in Piaget's theory, where abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning develop, usually beginning around age 11.
2. A nurse is assessing a client who is 30 minutes postoperative following an arterial thrombectomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report?
- A. Chest pain
- B. Muscle spasms
- C. Cool, moist skin
- D. Incisional pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a client who is 30 minutes postoperative following an arterial thrombectomy, chest pain is a critical finding that should be reported immediately. Chest pain can indicate serious complications such as myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolism, which require prompt intervention. Muscle spasms and cool, moist skin are not typical signs of immediate concern following an arterial thrombectomy. Incisional pain is expected postoperatively and may not warrant immediate reporting unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
3. What is typically the first sign of puberty in females?
- A. Breast development
- B. Menarche
- C. Pubic hair growth
- D. Axillary hair growth
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Breast development (thelarche) is usually the first sign of puberty in females, typically beginning between ages 8 and 13. This marks the start of puberty, followed by pubic hair growth, a growth spurt, and eventually menarche (the onset of menstruation). Pubic hair growth and axillary hair growth usually follow breast development in the sequence of pubertal changes. Therefore, the first noticeable change indicating the onset of puberty in females is the development of breast buds.
4. Which food has the highest calcium content?
- A. soy products
- B. milk
- C. cereal grains
- D. dark green vegetables
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, milk. Milk is known for being one of the best dietary sources of calcium, essential for bone health and various bodily functions. Soy products, cereal grains, and dark green vegetables are good sources of calcium as well, but milk generally has a higher calcium content compared to these options.
5. When assisting clients in changing their behavior, what would be the most effective approach?
- A. Counseling through the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach
- B. Encouraging them to interact with others who also need to change their behavior
- C. Showing them how the inappropriate behavior is hurting their friends and family
- D. Using subtle rewards when small steps are taken toward the appropriate behavior
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most effective approach in helping clients to change their behavior is to utilize the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach. This comprehensive counseling strategy is commonly employed in various programs, such as smoking cessation, to guide individuals through behavior change by systematically addressing their needs and providing support at each stage of the process.
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