ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam
1. One criticism of the information-processing approach is that it __________.
- A. underestimates the individual's contribution to his or her own development
- B. ignores transformation in adulthood, concluding that no major cognitive changes occur after adolescence
- C. underestimates the competencies of infants and preschoolers, focusing on older children and adolescents
- D. is better at analyzing thinking into its components than at putting them back together into a comprehensive theory
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The criticism that the information-processing approach ignores transformation in adulthood, concluding that no major cognitive changes occur after adolescence, suggests a limitation of the theory in not fully acknowledging that cognitive development continues throughout the lifespan. This criticism highlights a potential drawback of the approach in terms of its understanding of cognitive changes beyond adolescence. Choice A is incorrect because the criticism is not about underestimating the individual's contribution. Choice C is also incorrect as the criticism is not related to age-specific competencies. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on a different aspect of the information-processing approach.
2. What is the best intervention for a patient experiencing respiratory distress?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Administer bronchodilators
- C. Administer IV fluids
- D. Provide humidified air
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen is the best intervention for a patient experiencing respiratory distress because it helps improve oxygenation and alleviate respiratory distress. Oxygen therapy is a critical and priority intervention in such cases as it aims to increase oxygen levels in the blood. Administering bronchodilators may be beneficial for specific respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD, but oxygen should be the initial priority. Administering IV fluids and providing humidified air, while important in certain situations, are not the primary interventions for respiratory distress.
3. When administering IV fluids to a dehydrated patient, what is the nurse's priority assessment?
- A. Monitor the patient's electrolyte levels.
- B. Assess the patient's blood pressure regularly.
- C. Monitor the patient's heart rate every 4 hours.
- D. Check the patient's urine output hourly.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to assess the patient's blood pressure regularly. Monitoring blood pressure is crucial when administering IV fluids to a dehydrated patient as it helps in evaluating the patient's fluid status. Changes in blood pressure can indicate the effectiveness of the fluid therapy, the patient's response to treatment, and the possibility of complications such as fluid overload or hypovolemia. Monitoring electrolyte levels (Choice A) is essential but not the priority when assessing a dehydrated patient receiving IV fluids. Heart rate (Choice C) should be monitored more frequently than every 4 hours in such a situation. Checking urine output (Choice D) is important but not as critical as assessing blood pressure in this scenario.
4. Which of the following leaders would be considered a transformational leader?
- A. The supervisor of a unit who requests staff to work overtime.
- B. The unit secretary who encourages staff to use the proper forms.
- C. A unit manager who reminds a CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant) to work on time management skills.
- D. The Advanced Practice Nurse who encourages a staff nurse to pursue additional education for career advancement.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because transformational leaders are known for inspiring and motivating their followers to reach their full potential. They focus on fostering a positive work environment, encouraging growth, and supporting career development. In this scenario, the Advanced Practice Nurse is displaying characteristics of a transformational leader by encouraging a staff nurse to pursue additional education for career advancement. Choices A, B, and C do not align with the traits of a transformational leader as they involve more routine tasks or directives without the inspirational and visionary approach typical of transformational leadership.
5. A patient with hypokalemia is being monitored. What should the nurse assess for?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Flattened T waves
- C. Checking deep tendon reflexes
- D. Seizures
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Question: A patient with hypokalemia is being monitored. What should the nurse assess for? Corrected Choice A: Muscle weakness Corrected Choice B: Flattened T waves Corrected Choice C: Checking deep tendon reflexes Corrected Choice D: Seizures Rationale: Hypokalemia is associated with muscle weakness due to the effect of low potassium levels on muscle function. Flattened T waves on an ECG are characteristic of hypokalemia but are not a direct assessment for the patient's condition. Checking deep tendon reflexes and seizures are not primary symptoms associated with hypokalemia, making them less relevant for monitoring a patient with this electrolyte imbalance.
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