Nursing Elites

1. Overweight and obesity often accompany conditions such as _____ that limit mobility or result in short stature, which can lead to feeding difficulties.

• A. Parkinson's disease
• B. muscular dystrophy
• C. Down syndrome
• D. multiple sclerosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Down syndrome. Down syndrome is often associated with short stature and limited mobility, which can contribute to feeding difficulties and obesity. Parkinson's disease (choice A) primarily affects motor function, but it is not typically associated with short stature. Muscular dystrophy (choice B) primarily impacts muscle strength and does not necessarily lead to short stature. Multiple sclerosis (choice D) is a neurological condition affecting the central nervous system and does not directly cause short stature or feeding difficulties as seen in Down syndrome.

2. A nurse is planning care for a toddler who has burns over 50% total body surface area. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Administer enteral feedings
• B. Limit intake of vitamin C
• C. Limit dietary protein
• D. Administer insulin prior to meals

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering enteral feedings is crucial for ensuring adequate nutrition and supporting healing in toddlers with extensive burns. Burns over 50% total body surface area can lead to increased metabolic demands, making it essential to provide nutrition through enteral feedings to meet the child's needs for healing and recovery. Limiting intake of vitamin C or dietary protein would be detrimental in this scenario as the child requires increased amounts of nutrients to support healing. Administering insulin prior to meals is not indicated in this case as the priority is to provide adequate nutrition to promote healing.

3. A client has bilateral eye patches in place following an injury. When the client's food tray arrives, which of the following interventions should the nurse take to promote independence in eating?

• A. Assign an assistive personnel to feed the client.
• B. Explain to the client that their tray is here and guide their hands to it.
• C. Describe to the client the location of the food on the tray.
• D. Ask the client if they would prefer a liquid diet.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a client has bilateral eye patches, promoting independence in eating is crucial to maintain dignity and autonomy. Describing the location of the food on the tray enables the client to locate and feed themselves. Assigning assistive personnel to feed the client (Choice A) takes away their independence. Merely informing the client that the tray is here and guiding their hands to it (Choice B) does not empower the client to eat independently. Asking if the client prefers a liquid diet (Choice D) is not directly addressing the client's ability to independently eat the current meal.

4. A nurse is completing a nutritional assessment of an adult female client. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is at an increased risk of developing cancer?

• A. Eats at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
• B. Eats 6 servings of whole grains daily.
• C. Limits alcohol consumption to 2 drinks per day.
• D. Limits red meat intake to 3oz per day.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because limiting alcohol consumption to 2 drinks per day is still above the recommended limit for reducing cancer risk. The recommended limit for women is 1 drink per day to lower the risk of developing cancer. Choices A, B, and D are not indicative of an increased risk of developing cancer as they all align with a healthy diet and lifestyle, which can actually help reduce the risk of cancer.

5. Bacterial growth and plaque formation are enhanced by a diet with frequent intake of retentive carbohydrates. Gingivitis is an irreversible change in the interdental papillary tissues.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The first statement is true; retentive carbohydrates promote bacterial growth and plaque formation. However, the second statement is false; gingivitis is not irreversible and is often reversible with proper care. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums due to plaque buildup and poor oral hygiene. With good oral hygiene practices and professional dental care, gingivitis can be reversed. The other choices are incorrect because gingivitis is not irreversible, making statement two false.

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