Nursing Elites

1. In which type of shock does the patient experience a mismatch of blood flow to the cells?

• A. Distributive
• B. Cardiogenic
• C. Hypovolemic
• D. Septic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by a widespread increase in vascular permeability leading to a relative hypovolemia and a mismatch of blood flow to the cells. Choice B, Cardiogenic shock, is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choice C, Hypovolemic shock, results from a decrease in intravascular volume. Choice D, Septic shock, is caused by a systemic response to infection.

2. A nurse is initiating continuous enteral feedings for a client who has a new gastrostomy tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Measure the client’s gastric residual every 12 hours.
• B. Obtain the client’s electrolyte levels every 4 hours.
• C. Keep the client’s head elevated at 15° during feedings.
• D. Flush the client’s tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Flushing the client’s tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours is essential to maintain tube patency and prevent blockages. This action helps ensure the continuous flow of enteral feedings without obstruction. Measuring the client’s gastric residual every 12 hours (Choice A) is important but not the priority when initiating enteral feedings. Obtaining the client’s electrolyte levels every 4 hours (Choice B) is unnecessary and not directly related to tube feeding initiation. Keeping the client’s head elevated at 15° during feedings (Choice C) is a good practice to prevent aspiration, but tube flushing is more crucial to prevent tube occlusion.

3. For a patient with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), which dietary advice is most appropriate?

• A. Increase spicy foods
• B. Avoid fatty foods
• C. Increase citrus fruits
• D. Reduce water intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Avoiding fatty foods can help reduce the symptoms of GERD.

4. What percentage of body weight as fat does a woman with a healthy body composition typically average?

• A. 5%
• B. 15%
• C. 25%
• D. 35%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A healthy body fat percentage for women typically ranges between 21% and 33%, with 25% being an average healthy body fat percentage. Choice A (5%) is too low for a healthy body fat percentage and is more in line with essential body fat levels. Choice B (15%) is also lower than the typical range for a healthy body fat percentage. Choice D (35%) is too high and would be considered high body fat for women.

5. What is considered an acceptable LDL cholesterol level for children and adolescents?

• A. Less than 70 mg/dL
• B. Less than 110 mg/dL
• C. Less than 129 mg/dL
• D. Less than 170 mg/dL

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An LDL cholesterol level of less than 110 mg/dL is considered acceptable and healthy for children and adolescents. This level helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because an LDL cholesterol level below 110 mg/dL is the recommended target for children and adolescents to maintain good heart health.

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