ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam 2019
1. In which type of shock does the patient experience a mismatch of blood flow to the cells?
- A. Distributive
- B. Cardiogenic
- C. Hypovolemic
- D. Septic
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by a widespread increase in vascular permeability leading to a relative hypovolemia and a mismatch of blood flow to the cells. Choice B, Cardiogenic shock, is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choice C, Hypovolemic shock, results from a decrease in intravascular volume. Choice D, Septic shock, is caused by a systemic response to infection.
2. Causes of acute renal failure include:
- A. chronic renal failure
- B. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- C. recurrent urinary tract infections
- D. severe injury such as extensive burns
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Severe injuries, like extensive burns, can cause acute renal failure due to shock, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chronic renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and recurrent urinary tract infections are more likely to contribute to chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure.
3. Can bacterial plaque metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose? Is fructose, also known as levulose and found naturally in honey, less cariogenic than sucrose and lactose?
- A. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
- B. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, and fructose is not less cariogenic.
- C. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
- D. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, but yes, fructose is less cariogenic.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The first statement is correct as bacterial plaque can indeed metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose. However, the second statement is inaccurate. Fructose, despite being found naturally in honey and known also as levulose, is not less cariogenic than either sucrose or lactose. This means that its consumption does not result in fewer cavities or tooth decay. Therefore, the correct answer is that bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but fructose is not less cariogenic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either wrongly assert that bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars or wrongly claim that fructose is less cariogenic.
4. Which lipid contains 3 fatty acids?
- A. cholesterol
- B. phospholipid
- C. saturated
- D. triglyceride
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D. triglyceride.' Triglycerides are composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids, making them the primary form of stored fat in the body. Cholesterol (A) is a different type of lipid, phospholipids (B) have two fatty acids, and 'saturated' (C) refers to the structure of fatty acids, not a specific lipid containing 3 fatty acids.
5. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with which vitamin deficiency?
- A. Thiamine (B1)
- B. Riboflavin (B2)
- C. Niacin (B3)
- D. Pyridoxine (B6)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is indeed associated with thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. This syndrome is commonly seen in individuals with chronic alcoholism due to poor diet and impaired thiamine absorption. Thiamine is essential for normal brain function and energy metabolism. Riboflavin (B2) deficiency can lead to symptoms like sore throat and swollen mucous membranes, not Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Niacin (B3) deficiency causes pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death, but not Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency can result in dermatitis, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy, but it is not associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.