Nursing Elites

1. With which of the following should fluoride supplements never be taken?

• A. Water
• B. Juice
• C. Milk
• D. Soda

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fluoride supplements should never be taken with milk because the fluoride binds with the calcium in the milk, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the fluoride supplement. Other beverages like water, juice, or soda do not share this characteristic as they do not contain the same level of calcium as milk. The rationale behind choosing milk as the correct answer is that it hampers the effectiveness of fluoride supplements, whereas the other choices do not.

2. A client is being educated by a nurse on snacks suitable for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

• A. A slice of cheese
• B. A jam sandwich
• C. A cup of plain popcorn
• D. A small container of applesauce

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A slice of cheese. Cheese is high in fat, sodium, and cholesterol, making it unsuitable for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet. Choices B, C, and D are more appropriate for such a diet. B: A jam sandwich can be low in fat, sodium, and cholesterol if made with whole grain bread and a low-sugar jam. C: A cup of plain popcorn is a good choice as it is low in fat and can be made without added salt. D: A small container of applesauce is also a suitable option for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet.

3. What is the most likely demonstration of cardiac cachexia?

• A. Decreased physical activity
• B. Weight loss and tissue wasting
• C. Poor urine output and tissue edema
• D. Cardiac arrhythmia and wet lung sounds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac cachexia is a condition characterized by severe weight loss and tissue wasting. This typically occurs in patients suffering from heart failure due to an increased energy expenditure and reduced appetite, which is why choice B is the correct answer. The other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the symptoms of cardiac cachexia. Decreased physical activity (choice A) can be a result of many conditions, not specifically cardiac cachexia. Poor urine output and tissue edema (choice C) are more indicative of kidney problems rather than cardiac cachexia. Finally, cardiac arrhythmia and wet lung sounds (choice D) are symptoms related to other cardiac conditions, not specifically to cardiac cachexia.

4. List 2 Dispensable amino acids

• A. Alanine
• B. Serine
• C. Glycine
• D. Proline

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dispensable amino acids, such as alanine and serine, can be synthesized by the body and are not required to be obtained from the diet.

5. A patient with renal insufficiency should limit the intake of which of the following nutrients?

• A. Phosphorus
• B. Potassium
• C. Sodium
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In patients with renal insufficiency, impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus. High phosphorus levels can result in further complications such as bone and heart problems. Therefore, limiting the intake of phosphorus is crucial. Potassium and sodium restrictions may also be necessary in renal insufficiency, but the primary concern related to nutrients is phosphorus in this scenario. Calcium, while important for bone health, does not typically need to be restricted in renal insufficiency unless there is a specific medical reason to do so.

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